BackgroundPeer support work roles are being implemented internationally, and increasingly in lower-resource settings. However, there is no framework to inform what types of modifications are needed to address local contextual and cultural aspects.AimsTo conduct a systematic review identifying a typology of modifications to peer support work for adults with mental health problems.MethodWe systematically reviewed the peer support literature following PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews (registered on PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) on 24 July 2018: CRD42018094832). All study designs were eligible and studies were selected according to the stated eligibility criteria and analysed with standardised critical appraisal tools. A narrative synthesis was conducted to identify types of, and rationales for modifications.ResultsA total of 15 300 unique studies were identified, from which 39 studies were included with only one from a low-resource setting. Six types of modifications were identified: role expectations; initial training; type of contact; role extension; workplace support for peer support workers; and recruitment. Five rationales for modifications were identified: to provide best possible peer support; to best meet service user needs; to meet organisational needs, to maximise role clarity; and to address socioeconomic issues.ConclusionsPeer support work is modified in both pre-planned and unplanned ways when implemented. Considering each identified modification as a candidate change will lead to a more systematic consideration of whether and how to modify peer support in different settings. Future evaluative research of modifiable versus non-modifiable components of peer support work is needed to understand the modifications needed for implementation among different mental health systems and cultural settings.
ObjectivesCurrent translation guidelines do not include sufficiently flexible translation approaches for different study materials. We aimed to develop a proportionate methodology to inform translation of all types of study materials in global health trials.DesignThe design included three stages: (1) categorisation of study materials, (2) integration of existing translation frameworks and (3) methodology implementation (Germany, India, Israel, Tanzania and Uganda) and refinement.ParticipantsThe study population comprised 27 mental health service users and 27 mental health workers who were fluent in the local language in stage 7 (pretesting), and 54 bilingual mental health service users, aged 18 years or over, and able to give consent as judged by a clinician for step 9 (psychometric evaluation).SettingThe study took place in preparation for the Using Peer Support in Developing Empowering Mental Health Services (UPSIDES) randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN26008944).Primary outcome measureThe primary outcome measure was the Social Inclusion Scale (SIS).ResultsThe typology identifies four categories of study materials: local text, study-generated text, secondary measures and primary measure. The UPSIDES Proportionate Translation Methodology comprises ten steps: preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back translation, review, harmonisation, pretesting, finalisation, psychometric evaluation and dissemination. The translated primary outcome measure for the UPSIDES Trial (SIS) demonstrated adequate content validity (49.3 vs 48.5, p=0.08), convergent validity and internal consistency (0.73), with minimal floor/ceiling effects.ConclusionThis methodology can be recommended for translating, cross-culturally adapting and validating all study materials, including standardised measures, in future multisite global trials. The methodology is particularly applicable to multi-national studies involving sites with differing resource levels. The robustness of the psychometric findings is limited by the sample sizes for each site. However, making this limitation explicit is preferable to the typical practice of not reporting adequate details about measure translation and validation.Trail registration numberISRCTN26008944
Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie Peer-Begleitung beschreibt die Unterstützung von Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen durch geschulte Peer-Begleiter/-innen, welche bereits eine psychische Krise bewältigt haben. Die Implementierung von Peer-Begleitung ist aufgrund interagierender Faktoren komplex und kann mittels des partizipativen Theory of Change- Ansatzes gelingen. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung einer zentrumsübergreifenden Theory of Change zur nachhaltigen Implementierung von UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung in Deutschland. Methodik Basierend auf standortspezifischen Theories of Change aus Ulm und Hamburg, an welchen 47 Teilnehmer/-innen mitwirkten, wurde eine zentrumsübergreifende Theory of Change konzipiert und in drei Folgeworkshops mit 12 Teilnehmer/-innen verifiziert. Die Teilnehmer/-innen wiesen diverse berufliche und Erfahrungshintergründe auf: Peer-Begleiter/-innen, Klinikleitung, professionelle Behandler/-innen (Psychiater/-innen, Psychotherapeut/-innen, Krankenpfleger/-innen), Forscher/-innen. Ergebnisse Der erste Pfad der zentrumsübergreifenden Theory of Change fokussiert die Ausbildung zum/zur Peer-Begleiter/-in, wogegen der zweite Pfad die Anerkennung und Integration durch psychiatrische Einrichtungen und Fachkräfte thematisiert. Der dritte Pfad spezifiziert den Aufbau eines berufsübergreifenden Netzwerkes zur Integration verschiedener Peer-Begleitungsangebote. Das Herantreten an potentielle Peer-Klienten/-innen wird im vierten Pfad abgebildet. Der fünfte Pfad umfasst die Auftragsklärung und Implementierung in weiteren Einrichtungen durch Kooperationen. Diskussion Viele der identifizierten Implementierungsschritte wurden in vergleichbaren Studien validiert. Die unter Einbezug vielfältiger Perspektiven der zentralen Akteur/-innen entwickelte Theory of Change ist eine wichtige Grundlage für die nachhaltige Implementierung von UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung. Weiterhin kann sie als Blaupause für die Implementierung ähnlicher Interventionen dienen, um die Verbreitung evidenz-basierter nutzer/-innen-geleiteter und recovery-orientierter Interventionen voranzubringen. Schlussfolgerung Theory of Change ist eine akzeptierte und praktikable Methode, welche für die Implementierung von komplexen Interventionen wie UPSIDES Peer-Begleitung empfohlen werden kann.
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