<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy is one of the most common symptoms of Allergic rhinitis (AR) which causes significant debility. Surgery is one of the modalities of treatment to relieve patients of nasal obstruction. Objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of submucosal diathermy (SMD) and partial inferior turbinectomy (PIT) in the treatment of hypertrophied inferior turbinate.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Sixty patients with allergic rhinitis and hypertrophied inferior turbinates were randomised into two groups with thirty patients each (group I underwent SMD and group II underwent PIT). They were assessed for relief of nasal obstruction by subjective and objective methods.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Nasal obstruction due to hypertrophy of inferior turbinate was the main symptom with 45 (75%) patients having severe obstruction and 15 (25%) patients moderate obstruction. Both the surgical procedures were effective in reducing nasal obstruction &amp; other symptoms of AR. Though the total symptom score was significantly reduced by both the methods (p=0.001) SMD was superior in relieving nasal obstruction at 3months follow up while PIT was more effective at 6 months follow up.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> SMD is an easier, less invasive method with lesser postoperative discomfort and complications as compared to PIT. Our study recommends SMD as an effective technique for relief of nasal obstruction in allergic rhinitis.</p>

Now Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy is considered the treatment of choice for cholelithiasis. It has advantages over traditional open cholecystectomy in terms of minimal post-operative pain, shorter hospital stay, early recovery and better cosmesis. With increase in experience and skill selection criteria has become more liberal. All patients presenting with cholelithiasis without choledocholithiasis; and with no contraindication for general anesthesia were included in the study. Medical records of all patients who underwent LC were reviewed. Data recorded included demographic information, past medical history, indication for operation, duration of operation, reason for conversion and post-operative complications. Out of 200 patients studied 26 patients were had history of previous abdominal surgery. 3 out of 26 patients got converted to open surgery. The conversion rates among patients with previous abdominal surgery were found to be slightly higher (11.57%) compared to patients with no h/o abdominal surgeries (7.47%).

Alkaptonuria is a rare inherited autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase resulting in accumulation of homogentisic acid in collagen and cartilaginous tissue resulting in stiffening of joints, spine and involving other systems which pose challenges to anaesthesiologist in providing anaesthesia. Here we present a patient with undiagnosed alkaptonuria who was posted for bilateral total knee replacement. Since these patients usually have reduced intervertebral spaces, neuraxial anaesthesia was difficult with classic approach. Taylor’s approach was used for neuraxial anaesthesia and, post-operative analgesia was achieved with continuous femoral nerve block with catheter placement.