BACKGROUNDCancer rates are set to increase at an alarming rate globally to 15 million new cases in the year 2020. Worldwide breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women and represents the second leading cause of cancer death among women (after lung cancer). Presently, 75,000 new cases occur in Indian women every year. Immunological and histological management of breast cancer requires multidisciplinary treatment. The difference in management of breast cancer under the hands of surgical oncologist and general surgeons vary and need for aggressive planned neo-adjuvant chemotherapy by medical oncologist is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis is a retrospective descriptive study hospital records of 104 patients admitted from October 2013 to October 2016 were used for study and data analysis. Study Design-A retrospective descriptive study. RESULTSThe average mean age of our female breast cancer patients was lower compared to the statistics of western world with at least one to two decades difference. A large percentage of patients were from rural setup and had longer duration of symptoms. Left side lump in the breast was the most common symptom. Screening by mammography and staging procedures such as bone scan, Computed Tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) were sparsely used. The most common histology was infiltrating ductal carcinoma. CONCLUSIONModified radical mastectomy is considered gold standard in early breast cancer. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was more commonly associated with positive lymph nodes compared to other histopathologies. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was used mainly by clinical oncologists suggesting a more rational approach toward the management of breast carcinoma. [4] Epidemiology of breast cancer in India is very limited. Locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) constitutes more than 50% to 70% of the patients presenting for treatment. [4] Immunological and histological management of breast cancer requires multidisciplinary treatment. [3] The difference in management of breast cancer under the hands of surgical oncologist and general surgeons vary and need for aggressive planned neoadjuvant chemotherapy by medical oncologist is needed. Hence, this retrospective study was carried out to know the epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors and management strategies for breast cancer patients. 'Financial or Other Competing Interest': None. Submission 15-11-2017, Peer Review 12-01-2018, Acceptance 18-01-2018, Published 29-01-2018 Main, KGS Layout, Saraswati Nagar, Bangalore-40. E-mail: vikilaxman@gmail.com DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2018/153 KEYWORDS MATERIALS AND METHODSA total of 104 primary breast cancer patients admitted over a period of 3 years period (October 2013 -October 2016), in KR Hospital, Mysore were taken up for study. Post mastectomy patients outside KR Hospital were excluded. A detailed retrospective descriptive study analysis of patients was done and tabulated. The retrospective descriptive study information was collected from the medical reco...

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BACKGROUND Proteinuria contributes to progression of chronic kidney disease by several mechanisms. Hence accurate assessment of proteinuria is an essential part of management of chronic kidney disease. In clinical practice, 24 hr urine collection is cumbersome and also error in the collection is seen in 10-20% of samples. So Spot urine protein creatinine ratio could be most suitable and less time-consuming method without compromising quality of assessment of proteinuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS Urine sample of 120 subjects, age between 18 to 70 years with chronic kidney disease was collected. The total 24 hours protein by turbidometric method and the spot urine protein creatinine ratio was taken. The urine creatinine was measured by Jaffe's method. RESULTS In this study, UPCR of stage 3 CKD is 1.9 ± 0.56 gm/ gm of creatinine, stage 4 CKD is of 3.5 ± 0.88 gm/gm of creatinine and that of stage 5 CKD is of 4.1 ± 0.78 gm/gm of creatinine. The 24 hours urine value of CKD stage 1 is 1.1 ± 0.4 gm/ 24 hours, that of stage 2 is 1.6 ± 0.67 gm/24 hours, that of stage 3 is 1.8 ± 0.77 gm/24 hours, that of stage 4 is 3.6 ± 0.58 gm/24 hours and that of stage 5 is 3.9 ± 0.85 gm/ 24 hours. There is significant correlation found between the above values [p value<0.05]. CONCLUSION The UPCR is non-inferior to 24 hours protein estimation in assessing the function of kidney in CKD cases. So UPCR is a simple and cost-effective test in establishing the severity of Chronic kidney diseases and to predict the prognosis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Acute poisoning is an important medical emergency. Studies of this nature will be useful tool in planning, early diagnosis and management of acute poisoning cases. The objective of the study are to study the clinical features, diagnosis and management, morbidity and mortality of various acute poisoning. METHODOLOGY: This study comprises of 350 patients of acute poisoning admitted to Chigateri General Hospital and Bapuji Hospital attached to J. J. M. Medical College, Davangere, between 1 st March 2011 to 31 st October 2011. REUSLTS: Out of 350 cases of acute poisoning studied, there were 268 males and 82 females. Males comprised 76.57%and females 23.42% of the total, in this series, Organophosphorous compounds were the commonest (30%), majority of the patients hailed from rural area 70%. Mortality is 10.57%.

Die Stabilität von Chloramin‐B‐Lösungen gegenüber Säuren und Alkali sowie das Oxidationsverhalten gegen‐ über Aminosäuren (wie Leucin, Valin, Phenylalanin, Alanin, Glutaminsäure, Glutathion und Cystein), DMSO, Hydrazinsulfat, Semicarbazid ° HCl und Metallsalzen/‐komplexen des CN‐ und Thiocyanat‐Ions wird untersucht.