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Purpose Currently, no clear guidance exists for ISO and EN standards of calculating, verifying, and reporting the climate impacts of plants, mulches, and soils used in landscape design and construction. In order to optimise the potential of ecosystem services in the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the built environment, we unequivocally propose their inclusion when assessing sustainability. Methods We analysed the life cycle phases of plants, soils, and mulches from the viewpoint of compiling standard-based Environmental Product Declarations. In comparison to other construction products, the differences of both mass and carbon flows were identified in these products. Results Living and organic products of green infrastructure require an LCA approach of their own. Most importantly, if conventional life cycle guidance for Environmental Product Declarations were to be followed, over time, the asymmetric mass and carbon flows would lead to skewed conclusions. Moreover, the ability of plants to reproduce raises additional questions for allocating environmental impacts. Conclusions We present a set of recommendations that are required for compiling Environmental Product Declarations for the studied products of green infrastructure. In order to enable the quantification of the climate change mitigation potential of these products, it is essential that work for further development of LCA guidance be mandated.

Artikkelissa käsitellään 1950–70-lukujen kaupunkisuunnittelun erilaisia luontokäsityksiä erityisesti maisema-arkkitehtuurin näkökulmasta. Tarkastelemme puutarhakaupunkia, metsäkaupunkia ja kompaktikaupunkia ja kysymme, mitä merkityksiä kaupunkisuunnittelijat ja maisema-arkkitehdit antoivat luonnolle ja miten hyvää asuinympäristöä ja sen ihanteellista luontoa tuotettiin? Miten suhde luontoon muuttui siirryttäessä puutarhakaupungista metsäkaupunkiin ja edelleen kompaktiin kaupunkiin?

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The 100th anniversary of the Finnish Civil War has made questions about the construction of the heritage and cultural memory topical. Taking the concept of dissonant heritage as a starting point, the paper looks at two monuments in the City of Tampere and their reception and landscape, focusing on recent decades. War monuments are always understood within the framework of current politics, but they are also in continuous dialogue with their physical surroundings and, thus, shape and are shaped by their landscape. In this paper, we look at the statues as arenas for politics of history and cultural memory, and the changes and continuums they carry with them.Monuments are at the core of urban public space and the processes of placemaking.Even when they are distanced from the historical events, they represent and remind us of the historical and political nature of public space.