Wheat lies among the most prominent cereal crop of Pakistan which has a significant role in the stability of Pakistan’s economy. Certain biotic and a biotic factors including agro-climatic conditions, rainfall, lack of irrigation infrastructure and conventional agricultural methods are raising the risk of aphid attacks. The current study utilized satellite imagery for obtaining thermal datasets of complete wheat growth. Results revealed that rainfall is a significant parameter for the determination of aphid growth on wheat plant. A region receiving 0-10 mm rainfall, supported the growth of aphid. Moreover, the aphid survival was highly supported at a moderate temperature ranging between 20-25 oC with relative humidity ranging from 70-75 %. The study also revealed the production of weed in wheat crop acted as a moistrizing agent which consequently provided favorable conditions to the aphid population for growth. Inapropriate usage of fertilizers increased the nitrogen content in soil which turned to be favourable for the aphid attack. Thus, the study concludes that agro-climatic conditions must be considered before the application of pesticides.

| Net Primary Production (NPP) is an indicator that is widely used to determine the supply of food and wood. NPP incorporates almost all factors that participate in the growth and development of a particular crop. These factors include various heat fluxes (e.g., ground, sensible and latent heat flux), a variety of radiations (e.g., extraterrestrial, shortwave, longwave, and net radiations), and the photosynthesis index. In this research, the net radiations were estimated as 27,428 Wm −2 throughout the wheat growth period (WGP), including (118.3 Wm −2 ) as shortwave and (34.63 Wm −2 ) as longwave radiation. Latent, soil and latent heat fluxes were estimated as 3324 Wm −2 , 16,549 Wm −2 , and 7554 Wm −2 , respectively. Water stress during the complete WGP ranged between 0.5838 and 0.1218 from the start to the end of the cultivation period. The biomass creation was estimated as6.09-1.03 g/m 2 / day, which was higher at the start of WGP than declined at the end. Finally, the estimated yield was very different as compared to the actual yield. The yield estimated through the CASA(Carnegie-Ames-Stanford approach) model was uniform for the complete study site; however, the actual yield was about 74% less than CASA generated yield in various plots. This issue was further investigated and found that the CASA model lacks various aspects. These aspects include soil suitability parameters, including pH, Organic matter, CaCO3, texture, and Electric Conductivity. The largest gap inthe CASA model, which affected the overall productivity of wheat, was the smog/haze factor which was not incorporated. The environmental factors include Black Carbon (BC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), and Sulphur dioxide (SO2). To cater to these issues, two indicators were developed to incorporate the smog and soil-related issues. These indicators are named Soil Factor (Sᵮ) and Atmospheric Factor (Aþ). If the soil is "Not Suitable," the values of Sᵮ is 0.147, for less suitable soil Sᵮ is 0.21, for moderately suitable soil, Sᵮ is 0.61, and for highly suitable soil, Sᵮ is 0.95. By substituting these values of Sᵮ, the overall results approach to actual yield by 96%. The other factor Aþ is based on incorporating the situation of Atmospheric conditions faced by the wheat crop canopy, whichinclude Black Carbon (BC), Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), and Sulphur dioxide (SO2) parameters. If the overall air quality is conducive, the value of Aþ is near 1. The results obtained through the improved CASA model by the addition of Sᵮ and Aþ provided a very accurate yield that was near to actual estimates.This study is important to obtain precise estimates of cereal crops incorporating physioclimatic factor that leads toward precision agriculture.