Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de épocas de semeadura no desempenho agronômico de cultivares de soja em São Domingos, SC, e indicar as cultivares mais estáveis e adaptadas a cada época. O experimento foi conduzido durante dois anos agrícolas (2008/2009 e 2009/2010), com seis cultivares e quatro épocas de semeadura (15/10, 15/11, 15/12 e 15/1), em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições e parcelas com área útil de 3,6 m². A metodologia AMMI (modelos de efeitos principais aditivos com interação multiplicativa) foi utilizada para avaliar o desempenho produtivo das cultivares, e a GGE (genótipo e interação genótipo x ambiente) para avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade das cultivares nas diferentes épocas de semeadura. Em ambos os anos agrícolas, as semeaduras em 15/10 e 15/11 maximizaram o número de vagens por planta, o número de grãos por vagem, a estatura das plantas, o número de ramos, a massa de mil sementes e, consequentemente, a produtividade de grãos. As cultivares de ciclo médio ou precoce com porte elevado são mais adequadas para semeaduras tardias.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, AMMI, GGE biplot, interação genótipo x ambiente, produtividade de grãos. Sowing dates and agronomic performance of soybean cultivarsAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sowing dates on the agronomic performance of soybean cultivars in São Domingos, SC, Brazil, and to indicate stable and adapted cultivars for each sowing date. The experiment was carried out during two crop years (2008/2009 and 2009/2010), using six cultivars and four sowing dates (10/15, 11/15, 12/15, and 1/15), in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates and a usable plot area of 3.6 m 2 . The AMMI (additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis) method was used to evaluate the yield performance of the cultivars, and the GGE (genotype and genotype-by-environment) method to evaluate the adaptability and stability of the cultivars in each sowing date. In both crop years, the sowings on 10/15 and 11/15 maximized the number of pods per plant, the number of grains per pod, plant height, the number of branches, the weight of a thousand seeds, and, consequently, grain yield. Medium or early cycle cultivars, with high plant height, are more adequate for late sowing.Index terms: Glycine max, AMMI, GGE biplot, genotype x environment interaction, grain yield. IntroduçãoA soja [Glycine max (L.) Merril] é o principal cultivo no oeste catarinense, onde ocupa aproximadamente 216 mil hectares, o que corresponde a 61% da área cultivada com a cultura no estado (Síntese anual da agricultura de Santa Catarina, 2010). Nesta região, os riscos climáticos e os preços relativamente baixos na comercialização do trigo têm levado ao cultivo da soja em épocas não recomendadas.A soja tem sido semeada precocemente para viabilizar o cultivo de milho safrinha. Além disso, temse observado a semeadura da soja safrinha, instalada em sucessão à cultura do milho (Peixoto et al., 2000...
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as melhores épocas de semeadura e avaliar a adaptabilidade e a estabilidade de cultivares de trigo, em duas regiões tritícolas do Paraná. Avaliou-se a produtividade de grãos de sete cultivares, em Guarapuava, e de nove, em Palotina, em quatro épocas de semeadura, em 2006, 2007 e 2008. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições em Guarapuava, e três em Palotina. Foram utilizadas a metodologia REML/BLUP e a dos efeitos principais dos genótipos e da interação genótipo x ambiente (GGE biplot) para a avaliação da adaptabilidade e da estabilidade das cultivares, e o método AMMI para a identificação das melhores épocas de semeadura. Semeaduras em julho, em Guarapuava, e em abril, em Palotina, maximizam a produtividade de grãos. As cultivares Safira, em Guarapuava, e CD 113, em Palotina, são estáveis, amplamente adaptadas e apresentam alta produtividade de grãos.Termos para indexação: Triticum aestivum, AMMI, GGE biplot, interação genótipo x ambiente, REML/BLUP. Adaptability and stability of wheat cultivars at different sowing dates in the state of Paraná, BrazilAbstract -The objective of this work was to identify the best sowing dates and to evaluate the adaptability and stability of wheat cultivars in two wheat growing regions of the state of Paraná, Brazil. Seven cultivars were evaluated at Guarapuava and nine at Palotina as to grain yield, at four sowing seasons, in 2006, 2007 and 2008. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with four and three replicates, for Guarapuava and Palotina, respectively. The methodologies REML/BLUP and genotype main effect and genotype x environment interaction (GGE biplot) were used for adaptability and stability analysis, and the AMMI model was used to identify the best sowing dates. Sowing in July, at Guarapuava, and in April, at Palotina, maximized grain yield. The cultivars Safira, at Guarapuava, and CD 113, at Palotina, are stable, highly adapted and show high grain yield.Index terms: Triticum aestivum, AMMI, GGE biplot, genotype x environment interaction, REML/BLUP. IntroduçãoO trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) é o cereal de maior importância econômica mundial, com mais de 600 milhões de toneladas produzidas anualmente. O Brasil contribui com cerca de seis milhões de toneladas, com destaque para a região Sul, responsável por 90% da produção nacional (Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento, 2010), e para o estado do Paraná, o maior produtor do país.A expressão do potencial de produtividade de grãos depende de fatores genéticos e ambientais, bem como da interação entre ambos, o que resulta em expressivas diferenças no desempenho das cultivares quando cultivadas em diferentes condições ambientais (Yan & Holland, 2010). O termo ambiente (época de semeadura, ano e práticas culturais) pode ser definido como o resultado dos componentes biofísicos que influenciam o desenvolvimento e o crescimento das plantas.O potencial de produtividade de grãos pode ser maximizado pela escolha adequa...
(1989). a metodologia de lin e binns (1988), de fácil interpretação, foi eficiente em recomendar cultivares de alto rendimento e boa estabilidade, e os materiais mais responsivos, o menor P i e a alta correlação negativa de spearman, entre o rendimento de grãos. Concluiu-se que a metodologia de lin e binns é bastante discriminante e, quando associada ao w i , oferece maior segurança na recomendação de cultivares com maior estabilidade. Palavras-chave:Triticum aestivum L., produção de grãos, adaptabilidade e estabilidade, interação genótipo x ambiente. ABSTRACT meThods For anaLysis oF adapTaBiLiTy and sTaBiLiTy oF wheaT CuLTivars For paraná sTaTe, BraziLThis investigation had the objective to evaluate grain yield adaptability and stability of 17 wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) for paraná state, Brazil, occording to four different methods. The experiments were carried out in 2007, at different locations of paraná, in complete randomized blocks experimental design, with 4 replicates. The Wricke (1965) methodology indicates stable cultivars, independently of average yield. eberhart and russell (1966) and cruz et al. (1989) methodologies were equally efficient to evaluate stability and indicate cultivars that are stable and also adapted to favorable and unfavorable environments. lin and binns (1988) methodology showed to be of easy interpretation and was efficient to indicate cultivars of high yield and with good stability, where more responsive materials showed a lesser P i , and high negative correlation of spearman between grain yields. it was concluded that LIN and BINNS methodology is very specific and when associated to W i offers more assurance in recommending cultivars for high stability.Key words: Triticum aestivum L., grain yield, adaptability and stability, genotype x environment interaction.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the pattern of genotype environment interaction and identify megaenvironments (ME), essential test locations, and suitable genotypes for each ME. The genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot and additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) were used to demonstrate the potential of using a graphical biplot to analyze the genotype by environment interaction (GEI) in data of multienvironment trials (MET). These trials of the Central Cooperative Agricultural Research (COODETEC) evaluated 36 advanced breeding lines and 27 check cultivars for 3 years (2008–2010) at 12 test locations. Yield data were analyzed using the genotype plus GGE and AMMI biplot methods. The test environments were classified into two ME (i.e. ME1: Castro, Guarapuava, Não‐Me‐Toque, Abelardo Luz, and Cachoeira do Sul; and ME2: Campo Mourão, Dourados, Palmital, Palotina, Ponta Porã, and Rolândia. In ME1, the locations Guarapuava, Cachoeira do Sul, and Abelardo Luz were classified as ideal, while in ME2, Ponta Porã, Dourados and Palotina were close to ideal. Guarapuava was the essential test location in ME1; however the identification of an essential test location in ME2 was unclear. Superior cultivars and advanced lines were identified in both ME that could be valuable for spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) improvement or cultivars released.
ABSTRACT. Choosing the right sowing dates can maximize the outcomes of the interaction between genotype and environment, thus increasing grain yield and baking quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The present study aimed at determining the most appropriate sowing dates that maximize grain yield and baking quality of wheat cultivars. Seven wheat cultivars (BRS 179, BRS Guamirim, BRS Guabiju, BRS Umbu, Safira, CD 105 and CD 115) were evaluated at four sowing dates (the 1 st and the 15 th of June and July) in two harvesting seasons (2007 and 2008). The study was setup in a completely randomized block design with four repetitions. The effects of the year and sowing date when combined explained 93% of the grain yield variance. In 2007, the CD 105 and Safira cultivars had the highest grain yield (GY) for all sowing dates. Only the BRS Guabiju and Safira cultivars possessed high baking quality for all sowing dates assessed. In 2008, the environmental conditions were favorable for superior GY, but the baking quality was inferior. Considering adapted cultivars and sowing dates, it is possible to maximize grain yield and baking quality of wheat.
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