This article aims at contributing to a body of work about children and families by exploring the importance of socio‐economic context and social capital for understanding the ways in which money is perceived, obtained and used by children. Alleged contrasts in terms of money management, consumption priorities and postponement of gratification, especially among middle and working classes, have already been debated. It seems thus relevant to investigate if these presumable contrasts apply to children and why. Do children from different socio‐economic contexts reveal the traits that have been attributed to their households? To this end, a mixed methods research project was developed involving 245 children attending different primary schools in Portugal—one private school targeted at upper class children and one state‐sponsored school located in a working‐class area. The results revealed significant differences by school and household typology.
The recent contexts of financial and economic crises have fostered discourses and initiatives for encouraging people to save. Despite there being, for the sake of sustainability, a generalized support to educational measures for increasing savings from early childhood, a complete understanding of why and how people save has not yet been attained. The absence of sociological attention to the engagement of consumers in such financial decisions is particularly scant. This article takes the case-study of a financial education programme for children to suggest future directions for the sociological investigation of savings. Literature review and the analysis of a Portuguese programme revealed a clear absence of sociological insights in financial education programmes' contents and procedures. However, sociological research has already come to relevant findings about social aspects and processes of financial decisions that allow for a better understanding of how consumers, and children in particular, learn about and behave in relation to money, consumption and savings. In our view, the study of savings should pay more attention to several adjoining, concurrent and complimentary practices encompassed in the consumption process. This article contributes not only to fill in the literature gaps identified by the study, but also to counter-offer non-judgemental research regarding current literature on the subject.
Este trabalho procura retratar os desenvolvimentos sucessivos da produção científica sobre a questão da existência de diferenças entre os sexos e das suas origens, que tem uma história longa e fértil. Começamos por evocar as ideologias produzidas no Séc. XIX para explicar as posições desiguais dos dois grupos sexuais por disposições naturais, e os primeiros trabalhos académicos consagrados a identificar os traços, competências e comportamentos que, supostamente, deveriam diferenciar homens e mulheres.Propomos alguns apanhados dos trabalhos actuais sobre as diferenças entre os sexos e sobre a controvérsia, aparentemente suscitada pelas diferentes posições políticas dos autores, a propósito da verdadeira existência dessas diferenças. Apresentamos, por último, algumas teorias que são, actualmente, desenvolvidas pelos autores que defendem a existência de diferenças entre homens e mulheres, na procura de dar sentido a essas diferenças.
A equipe que presta assistência aos pacientes ventilados mecanicamente desempenha papel fundamental no controle das pressões do balonetes (Cuff) das cânulas e tubos endotraqueais. Objetivamos com este estudo, analisar o conhecimento teórico e seu reflexo na conduta clínica quanto ao manejo e pressão intrabalonete da equipe. Perguntas sobre técnica de insuflação, mensuração e freqüência, pressão ideal e repercussões de pressões intrabalonetes inadequadas, foram respondidas por amostra aleatória de 60 profissionais. Quanto à técnica de insuflação do cuff o conhecimento da técnica recomendada em relação à praticada foi 2,69 vezes maior (OR=2,69 [1,15-6,37]); 61,7% utilizam palpação do balonete externo para mensurar a pressão intrabalonete (OR=35,44 [7,44-230,96]), demonstrando conhecimento teórico 35,44 vezes maior da técnica ideal do que a utilizada na conduta clínica. Os profissionais apresentaram adequado conhecimento no manejo e das pressões ideais intrabalonete, porém pouco se utilizam deste conhecimento, sugerindo a elaboração de um protocolo para cuidados com os balonetes endotraqueais.
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