Background and objectives: Executive function (EF) is an umbrella term that encompasses the set of higher-order processes. Core EFs are inhibition, interference control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. The aim of the study was to compare the EF between normal weight (NW) and inactive overweight (OW), NW and sport trained (ST), ST and OW 16–19-year-old youths. In addition, the relationship between EF and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was evaluated. Materials and Methods: 10 NW, 14 ST, and 10 OW youths participated in this study. EF was evaluated using the ANAM4 battery. VO2peak was measured during an increasing walking exercise (modified Balke test). Results: The NW youths demonstrated better visual tracking and attention (94.28% ± 3.11%/90.23% ± 2.01%), response inhibition (95.65% ± 1.83%/92.48% ± 1.05%), speed of processing, and alternating attention with a motor speed component (95.5% ± 3.51%/89.01% ± 4.09%) than the OW youths (p < 0.05). The ST youths demonstrated better visual tracking and attention (96.76% ± 1.85%/90.23% ± 2.01%), response inhibition (97.58% ± 0.94%/92.48% ± 1.05%), speed of processing, and alternating attention with a motor speed component (98.35% ± 1.35%/89.01% ± 4.09%) than the OW youths (p < 0.05). The ST youths demonstrated better EF results than NW youths (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The ST 16–19-year-old youths demonstrated better EF than their OW and NW peers. The NW youths demonstrated better EF than their OW peers. There was a significant correlation between VO2peak and EF indicators in all groups of participants.
Background and Objective. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the addition of physiotherapy to testosterone replacement therapy provides added benefit in improving functional capacity of the motor system in men with hypogonadism. Material and Methods. The study involved 3 groups of subjects: group 1, healthy men (n=20); group 2, men with hypogonadism who underwent testosterone replacement therapy with physiotherapy (TRT+PT) (n=8); and group 3, men with hypogonadism who underwent testosterone replacement therapy alone (TRT) (n=10). Physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ]) and body composition (X-SCAN analysis) were analyzed; the vertical jump test (Leonardo Mechanography®) was applied. Results. The application of testosterone replacement therapy together with physiotherapy for 6 months significantly increased the maximum and relative power of jump in the subjects in the TRT+PT group; however, in the TRT group, no statistically significant difference was observed. The maximum jump height for the subjects in the TRT+PT group significantly increased 6 months after the intervention; however, in the TRT group, this index remained unaltered. The lean body mass of the subjects in the TRT+PT group increased (P<0.05); however, in the TRT group, it did not change. The relative fat body mass in the TRT+PT group decreased significantly (P<0.05), but, in the TRT group, it had a tendency to increase, though insignifi cantly. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the application of testosterone replacement therapy together with physiotherapy (1 hour twice weekly) in men with hypogonadism may lead to earlier and better results in comparison with testosterone replacement therapy applied alone.
Šoninė amiotrofinė sklerozė – tai neurodegeneracinė liga, kuri pasireiškia progresuojančiu raumenų paralyžiumi (13). Vyrai šia liga serga šiek tiek dažniau nei moterys (14). Dažniausiai liga pasireiškia 58 – 63 gyvenimo metais ir tik apie 5% ligos atvejų prasideda iki 30 metų amžiaus (13). Sergant šonine amiotrofine skleroze daugėja nefunkcionuojančių raumenų (10), todėl fiziniai pratimai yra svarbūs siekiant sumažinti raumenų atrofiją bei išsaugoti mobilumą (5). Tyrimo tikslas – nustatyti valingos ir nevalingos jėgos bei antropometrinių rodiklių kaitą taikant kineziterapiją sergant šonine amiotrofine skleroze. Tyrime dalyvavo moteris, serganti šonine amiotrofine skleroze,liga diagnozuota 23 gyvenimo metais. Pacientė tyrime dalyvavo savanoriškai. Prieš tyrimą tiriamoji buvo supažindinta su ištyrimo protokolu bei tyrimo eiga, taip pat gautas raštiškas tiriamosios sutikimas. Tyrimo metu pacientei 5 mėnesius taikyta kineziterapija salėje, užsiėmimai vykdavo 4 kartus per savaitę, 45 minutes. Praėjus 5 mėnesiams buvo atliktas tyrimas ir pradėta taikyti kineziterapija vandenyje. Užsiėmimai vandenyje vyko 2 mėnesius, 1 kartą per savaitę ir trukdavo 45 minutes. Bendras užsiėmimų skaičius – 88. Išvados. Kūno masės indeksas ir kūno riebalų kiekis taikant kineziterapiją vandenyje mažėjo labiau nei po kineziterapijos salėje. Kineziterapija salėje ir vandenyje padidino vienkartinio susitraukimo jėgą, tačiau 20Hz ir 100Hz izometrinė jėga mažėjo. Kineziterapija vandenyje padidino maksimalią valingą jėgą ir maksimalios valingos jėgos centrinės aktyvacijos koeficientą, o maksimalios valingos jėgos nuovargio indeksas po kineziterapijos salėje mažėjo labiau nei taikant kineziterapiją vandenyje.
Each second a person dies from cardiovascular diseases in Lithuania. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in 2020 will account for 37% of all deaths in the world. Movement is very important for blood circulation and cardiac work, but due to reduced blood supply to the heart physical capacity is disrupted. Physical therapy improves tolerance of physical load, reduces fatigue, dyspnoea, frequency of hospitalization and improves the quality of life. The maximum efficiency is achieved when physical therapy starts in the first week after myocardial infarction. Starting physical therapy each week later, rehabilitation period becomes a month longer. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of physiotherapy on the tolerance of physical load and the quality of life changes in patients after myocardial infarction in the early period of rehabilitation. The study involved 14 people (58.1 ± 7,6) after a myocardial infarction (9 men and 5 women). In study there were two groups: 1 – control group (n = 7) with physical therapy 1 time per day, 5 days per week (n = 5), 2 – experimental group (n = 7) with physical therapy 3 times per day, 5 days per week (n = 15). Tolerance of physical load was determine using a 6 min walk test, before and after the 6 min walk test we evaluated subjective complaints using Borg scale. The quality of life was evaluated using SF – 36 questionnaire. Both groups were evaluating before physical therapy and after 5 days of physical therapy. After physical therapy the tolerance of physical load increased in control and experimental groups, it improved during the 6-minute walk distance (p < 0.05), fatigue decreased (p < 0.05) (there was no differences between groups (p > 0.05)). The leg pain in both groups did not change (p > 0.05), dyspnoea did not decrease (p > 0.05). Physical therapy frequency did not influence the quality of life. Conclusion: physical therapy 3 times per day improved the tolerance of physical load – it increased in 6-minute walk distance, but the quality of life did not change significantly.Keywords: myocardial infarction, functional capacity, quality of life, physical therapy.
Nuovargis — tai laikinas raumenų darbingumo sumažėjimas atliekant fi zinį krūvį ir po jo (Babault et al., 2006). Vaikų ir suaugusiųjų nuovargio poreiškis po fi zinio krūvio skirtingas: vaikai nuvargsta mažiau nei suaugusieji (Kanehisa et al., 1995; Ratel et al., 2003). Mokslininkai nustatė, kad centrinis nuovargis veikia periferinį nuovargį (Kent-Brown, Le Blanc, 1999; Gandevia, 2001). Jaunų ir suaugusių asmenų valingos raumenų aktyvacijos tyrimai parodė, kad ji nepriklauso nuo amžiaus (Connelly et al., 1999), tačiau aktyvacijos lygis maksimalaus raumenų valingo susitraukimo metu skiriasi (Bilodeau et al., 2001).Tyrimo tikslas — nustatyti ir palyginti paauglių, suaugusiųjų blauzdos tiesiamųjų raumenų valingą aktyvaciją atlie-kant 2 minučių izometrinį krūvį.Buvo tiriami sveiki aktyviai nesportuojantys paaugliai (n = 9; amžiaus vidurkis 13,6 ± 0,5 m.; ūgis 164,2 ± 11,0 cm; svoris 50,6 ± 9,4 kg), kurie 2 kartus per savaitę lankė kūno kultūros pamokas, ir nesportuojantys suaugusieji (n = 8; amžiaus vidurkis 21,5 ± 1,9 m.; ūgis 173,5 ± 6,9 cm; svoris 65,9 ± 7,8 kg). Tyrimo metu buvo matuojama paauglių ir suaugusiųjų raumenų maksimalioji valinga jėga atliekant 2 minučių izometrinį krūvį ir kas 30 sekundžių atpalai-duojant raumenį. Jėgos rodikliai buvo registruojami (N·m).Visais elektrostimuliavimo dažniais sukelta raumenų jėga ir MVJ buvo didesnė suaugusiųjų nei paauglių (p < 0,01). Paauglių raumenų valinga aktyvacija statistiškai patikimai (p < 0,01) mažesnė prieš krūvį nei suaugusiųjų. Suau-gusiųjų ir paauglių raumenų valingos aktyvacijos rodikliai skyrėsi viso 2 min izometrinio krūvio metu. Suaugusiųjų valinga aktyvacija krūvio pabaigoje siekė 51,7% , paauglių — 41% pradinės reikšmės.Išvada: atliekant 2 min maksimalaus intensyvumo izometrinį krūvį, paauglių valingos raumenų aktyvacijos rodikliai yra mažesni nei suaugusiųjų.
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