Chitosan nanoparticles are important materials that are widely used in many biological, engineering and food industries and are also used as plant growth stimulants as well as use as vectors for drug delivery to target cells. Whereas L-carnitine (LC) is a water-soluble compound that contributes to the transport of long-chain fatty acids across the mitochondrial membranes and the oxidation of β-lipids. Methods: 60 male rats (Rattus Rattus) were divided into six equal groups. The first group (control group): Animals received orally distilled water. The second group. Animals received 1ml orally lead acetate at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight daily for 30 days. Third group: Animals received 1ml (lead acetate 30mg/kg B.W + L-carnitine (100mg/ kg B.W. /daily). The fourth group. Animals received 1ml (lead acetate 30mg/kg B.W. + Nano L-carnitine 100mg/ kg B.W./ daily). The fifth group: Animals received 1ml of L-Carnitine orally at a dose of 100mg/ kg B.W /daily. The sixth group: Animals received 1ml of L-Carnitine-NPs orally at 100mg/ kg B.W /daily. Results: Our findings demonstrated that exposure to lead acetate caused a significant increase in liver-enzymes Aspartate Transaminase (AST), Alanine Transaminase (ALT), and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) and renal function enzymes (creatinine and urea) in the lead acetate group. Whereas, lead treatment increased oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be removed through decreased glutathione (GHPX) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA). Conclusions: Histopathological study showed significant changes in the brain (cerebellum) that disrupted the normal arrangement of the three layers, with large distances between the Purkinje cell layer and the molecular or granular layer. According to the study, we can conclude that the Nano L-Carnitine had a greater role in protecting against the effect of lead at the haematological parameters and a clear role in the protection against histopathology change of lead poisoning. L-Carnitine and Nano L-Carnitine had an active role in protecting against lead acetate toxicity.

T HIS study focuses on evaluating the ameliorative effect of melatonin and vitamin C administration alone or in combination on haemotoxicity of acrylamide in male rats. Sixty adult male Wistar rats divided into six groups of (10 animals in each group) divided randomly into two periods, two groups in first period C (control group), 20 male rats given 5ml of distal water and Acr (ACR group), forty male rats given ACR (0.5µg/kg BW/day) for 60 days. After 60 days the groups in the first period divided into five groups, C1 (reasonable control) give distal water orally, Acr-group, given distal water orally, Mel (5mg/kg BW/day), Vit.C-group (200 mg/kg BW/day), Mel+Vit.C-group (5+200 mg/kg BW/day) were administered by gavage once daily. At the end of the administration period, the rats were anesthetized, then the blood samples collected and analyzed. The results appeared the enhancing role of melatonin to the toxicity induced by acrylamide more than to other treatment groups in both RBCs and WBCs parameters.

There is an urgent need for the design and development of new and safer drugs, this has attracted organic chemists to synthesize new compounds with potential of biological and chemotherapeutic activities. Here we report, the condensation of phenylethylamine with 2-hydroxy naphthaldehyde yielded Schiff base derivative in good yield. Characterization of synthesized compound was carried by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-, 13C- and HSQC-NMR spectroscopy. The toxicity of the synthesized compound was determined using Balb/c mice model. Dixon’s up and down method was found to have an LD50 of 827.2 mg/kg of body weight, moderate toxicity.

The comparison toxico-epidemiological study designed to evaluate the Lead, Nickel and Cadmium levels in healthy sheep of different regions in Al Basrah province and compared with sheep from Animal Farm of Agriculture College /University of Basrah(as control group). Sixty three adult male sheep were tested for the study (6 animals for each region). Blood samples were collected from each ram, the Pb, Ni and Cd values were measured. AST, ALT and creatinine values were also determined. The results revealed to high increase levels of Cd, and Pb concentration among the different regions and compared with control rams values. There were no significant differences in the transaminase enzymes activity and creatinine concentration among the animals tested. In spite of the rise in trace minerals values but it did not threshold to harmful effect on rams' body physiology.

A study was conducted on (35) healthy Frisian cow aged (2-4) years and were grown in farms in Al-zubair region, in Basrah city This study was performed to find the effect of pregnancy on blood serum protein concentration (Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, Globulin fractions (α, β, γ). The result revealed there was significant elevation (P<0.01) in concentration of Total protein, Albumin, Globulin, α, γ, Globulin between non pregnant and pregnant animal in 8 th month. And there was no significant change occur on β, Globulin concentration. When compared the result between the 8 th and 9 th month of pregnant the result revealed very significant decrease (P<0.01) in the concentration of Globulin, α, γ, Globulin and significant decrease (P<0.05) in the concentration of Total protein, while significant increase in Albumin concentration, in the 9 th month of pregnant, and there was no significant change in β, Globulin concentration.