Aim: To summarise support for current consensus on the likely means by which fluoride toothpastes reduce caries and review some relevant studies of the effect of low levels of fluoride on the demineralisation and remineralisation of enamel. The major anti‐caries effect of fluoride toothpastes is thought to result from small but protracted elevations in levels of fluoride in plaque and saliva. Fluoride incorporated into enamel systemically does not reduce enamel solubility sufficiently to exert an anti‐caries effect. Fluoride has the potential to exert an anti‐caries benefit largely through three mechanisms; inhibition of demineralisation, promotion of remineralisation and interference with bacterial growth and metabolism. However, the low levels of fluoride thought to influence caries are insufficient to have a significant effect via the latter mechanism. Thus reductions in caries resulting from the use of fluoride toothpastes can be linked to modification of the demineralisation/remineralisation balance by direct effects on dental mineral exerted topically by low levels of fluoride. Numerous in vitro studies have shown that low levels of fluoride, typical of those found after many hours in resting plaque and saliva, and resulting from the regular use of fluoride toothpastes, can have a profound effect on enamel demineralisation and remineralisation.

The sealing ability was maximum in Ketac Molar, Zirconomer, Ceram-x, and Giomer whereas the compressive strength was maximum for Giomer followed by Ceram-x, Zirconomer, and Ketac Molar.

IntrOductIOnThe goal of root canal obturation is to obtain a three dimensional seal of the root canal system. An inadequate filling during obturation can results in reentry and re-growth of microorganisms in the root canal system which irritates the periapical tissue and compromises the treatment success [1].To accomplish this many endodontic obturation materials and sealers are being used [2]. Guttapercha is a commonly used root canal filling material which is used with different types of endodontic sealers. Sealers aim to prevent ingress of bacteria in the root canal space [3]. There are different types of endodontic sealers available that have been introduced in the market with varying physical properties [4]. According to their bases, root canal sealers are calcium hydroxide based sealers i.e., Sealapex, Resin based sealers i.e., AH26 and Adseal, Solvent based sealers i.e., Chloropercha, Glass inomer based sealers i.e., Ketac Endo, Silicone based sealers i.e., Lee Endo Fill and MTA based sealers i.e., Pro Root MTA, MTA Fillapex.One of the recent epoxy resin based sealer is Adseal, with excellent chemical, physical properties and sealing ability. These characteristics are responsible for the superiority of this sealer over the other epoxy resin based sealers [5].MTA is being used for pulp capping, apexification, perforation repair, root-end filling material and for pulpotomy. In 1993, US Federal Drug Administration gave acceptance to MTA and it became commercially available as ProRoot MTA. Pro Root MTA is calcium silicate-containing MTA that is used as an endodontic sealer [6].Recently, several new products of MTA have been introduced such as MTA Fillapex, Micro Mega MTA and Bioaggregate [7]. The use of these MTA based sealers is being considered as a revolution in Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry [4]. AImThe present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the apical microleakage of a resin based sealer; Adseal with MTA based sealers, Pro Root MTA and MTA Fillapex using dye penetration technique under Stereomicroscope at 40X magnification. mAterIAls And methOdsThe present study was conducted in the Department of Paediartic and Preventive Dentistry, Surendera Dental College and Research Institute, Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan, India from April 2015 to November 2015 time period. The present study was an in-vitro cross-sectional study. A total of 75 freshly extracted human single rooted teeth were used as study samples. Teeth with root fracture, root caries, open apices, developmental anomaly and external and internal root resorption were excluded from the study. These teeth were cleaned with hand scalers and soaked in 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for two hours and then stored in a solution containing thymol crystals. The teeth were decoronated using diamond disk at the cement-enamel junction uniformly and were then mounted in freshly mixed alginate in uniformly sized plastic containers. The root canal access was prepared using endo access bur and working length was determined using appropriate K-file. Standard...

No abstract