Ferreira et al. Ferreira et al. Ferreira et al. Ferreira et al. Ferreira et al. Estudo da técnica da sindesmoplastia extra-articular com fascia lata autógena. O ligamento cruzado anterior ou cranial (LCA) tem a função de limitar os movimentos da articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar (FTP) e impedir o deslocamento cranial da tí-bia em relação ao fêmur, a rotação interna excessiva da tíbia e a hiperextensão articular. Forças excessivas aplicadas a qualquer um desses movimentos podem resultar na lesão do referido ligamento 1 . A ruptura do ligamento cruzado anterior, completa ou parcial, é causa comum da claudicação no membro pélvico dos cães 2 . De uma maneira geral, o exame clínico compreende a avaliação e o registro dos seguintes parâmetros: claudicação, qualidade de apoio, grau de atrofia muscular, presença ou ausência do movimento de gaveta, deslocamento cranial da tíbia em relação ao fêmur, rotação interna da tíbia, sensibilidade à palpação da articulação, crepitação e espessamento da cápsula articular, além do teste de compressão tíbial 3,4 . O tratamento da ruptura do LCA abrange técni-cas cirúrgicas, com acesso intra ou extra-articulares. As intraarticulares utilizam material autógeno, alógeno ou sintéti-co 5 , enquanto as extra-articulares alteram as relações entre as estruturas anatômicas peri-articulares, mimetizando a função desempenhada pelo LCA 6,7 . A escolha da técnica depende exclusivamente do cirurgião e que levará em consideração o peso do animal, seu grau de atividade e o tempo decorrido desde a lesão 8 . Todavia, há de se ressaltar que o acesso intra-articular resulta em trauma cirúrgico de maior monta.O presente estudo tem por objetivo descrever uma técnica de correção cirúrgica sem artrotomia para cães portadores de ruptura de LCA do joelho, eficiente, simples, de fácil execução e baixo custo, e que permite a recuperação da função do membro em curto período de tempo pós-cirúrgico. MÉTODOS MÉTODOS MÉTODOS MÉTODOS MÉTODOSEste estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética para o Uso de Animais de Laboratório em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRJ.Seis cães (Canis familiaris) de diferentes linhagens, adultos (de oito a nove anos), peso compreendido entre 9,6 e 19,7 kg, previamente diagnosticados com ruptura do LCA, foram operados. O exame clínico pré-operatório, em todos os animais, revelou sinal de gaveta positivo para o movimento na articulação do joelho, deslocamento cranial e rotação interna da tíbia.

Background: Pneumothorax is the presence of free air in the pleural cavity. Air in the thoracic cavity causes respiratory discomfort, severe hypoxemia, decreased venous return, and haemodynamic instability, and it may lead to death. Pneumothorax can be triggered by wounds from firearm projectiles, bladed weapons, or sharp or piercing objects, as well as bites and barotrauma. The diagnosis of open pneumothorax is based on anamnesis, in combination with clinical signs observed on physical examination. The objective of this report is to discuss the relevance of clinical-surgical management to adequately treat evisceration of the pulmonary lobe caused by a bite in the thoracic region of a female dog. Case: This report discusses a 15-year-old female canine weighing approximately six kg with a history of wounds in the thoracic region and respiratory difficulty after being bitten by another dog. On clinical examination, she presented with a bruised wound in the right thoracic region and another in the scapular region. The examination revealed evisceration of the right cranial lung lobe, which exhibited atelectasis. The animal was immediately referred to the Surgical Center. Anaesthesia was induced using propofol 2.0 mg/kg combined with ketamine hydrochloride 2.0 mg/kg, followed by intubation and maintenance under inhalation anaesthesia with isoflurane and 100% oxygen and fentanyl 2.5 mcg/kg every 15 min. The temperature, non-invasive blood pressure, cardiac and respiratory frequency, pulse oximetry, capnography and electrocardiogram were monitored. Tricotomy and antisepsis of the wound were performed with 0.9% NaCl and 2% chlorhexidine. The eviscerated pulmonary lobe was immersed in saline solution, and positive pressure insufflation was performed in the inhalation circuit to verify the presence of perforation of the eviscerated lung, which was not observed. The lobe was repositioned in the correct anatomical location in the thoracic region, noting that there was no further damage beyond the blunt wound with laceration of the intercostal muscles. The thoracic cavity was washed with saline solution, which was aspirated prior to thoracorrhaphy with a 2-0 nylon suture, applied with mass-separated stitches covering the pleura and intercostal musculature. When the last stitch of the thoracorrhaphy was placed, the anaesthesiologist kept the lung inflated. A No. 8 drain was fixed in a tobacco pouch coupled to a three-way tap in the region between the seventh and eighth ribs. The adipose panicle was stitched with a 2-0 910 polygalactine suture and continuous pattern, and the skin was sutured with a 2-0 nylon suture using Wolff stitches. The dressing consisted of a bandage around the thorax for 48 h, when the drain was removed. Meloxicam 0.1 mg/kg, ceftriaxone 30 mg/kg per day and metronidazole 10 mg/kg every 12 h were prescribed postoperatively for seven days. For analgesic therapy, 0.3 mg/kg morphine sulfate was used every six hours for 48 h, dipyrone 25 mg/kg was used for 72 h, and tramadol hydrochloride 2.4 mg/kg was used ev...

Background: Malignant tumors are the main cause of death or euthanasia in animals. The oral cavity ranking fourth in number of occurrences. Epidemiological studies with dogs suggest that canine cancer kills 40-50% of individuals aged over 10 years. In view of the interest of academics and professionals in the healthcare of dogs and cats, this paper reports the case of a 10-month-old bitch, which, despite being a young animal, was affected alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of abrupt evolution. Case: A 10-month-old French Bulldog bitch, weighing 10 kg, was referred to a veterinary hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro for care. It had a history of mouth bleeding, after chewing a solid mineral material, edema in the region of the right maxilla, and protusion of the gland of the third eyelid. As the clinical examination also revealed a fracture of the maxillary canine, anti-inflammatory and antibiotics were prescribed, to be administered by the owner once a day for 7 days. During the next clinical examination, carried out one week later, an edema was found in the right region of the mouth, which proved difficult to examine. As the patient had already eaten, an appointment was made for the following day for an intervention int he operating room, where the animal could be anesthetized for better observation of the effected region. Blood was collected for hemogram, urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, ALT, and GGT, and an 8 h food fasting and a 4 h water fasting were recommended. On that date, once the dog had been taken to the operating room, was administered the pre anesthesia, in addition to anesthetic induction and manutention. Upon examining the oral cavity, several loose molars were found on the right side, in addition to a tumoral aspect of the gum; thus, it was decided to collect a small sample of the tumoral mass for histopathology. The surgical specimen was placed in a formalin solution and sent to the laboratory for histopathological processing and diagnosis. One week later, the tumor mass was larger and the edema in the right region of the mouth was much larger than on the day of the procedure. Thus, a computerized tomography was requested to further investigate the alterations that had occurred in such a short time. Due to the results of the histopathology and the CT, an immunohistochemical test was suggested which determined the cell profile and morphology and confirmed the diagnosis of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma according to clinical suspicion. The animal remained in the veterinary hospital for a further 48 h, during which the clinical condition worsened, with the animal suffering heavy bleeding. As the patient was no longer capable of oral intake of food or water, the decision was made with the consent of the owners to induce a painless death to alleviate the suffering of the animal. However, the owners did not authorize a necropsy. Discussion: Veterinary physicians should be conscious of the treatment of serious illnesses that will not result in a benefit for the patient. They should know when to stop the treatment to not cause further pain and suffering to the animals and their owners. Many of the interventions which aim to treat severe malignant neoplasia will not promote an improvement in quality of life or significantly extend the patient’s survival, and do not justify the suffering they entail. A painless death remains the best alternative in such cases. Keywords: cancer, malignant neoplasm, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, oral cavity.