Introduction Vitamin D deficiency co-exists with and can confuse the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Vitamin D replete (VDR) status may prevent significant postparathyroidectomy hypocalcaemia; however, reports from previous studies are conflicting. This study aimed to assess differences in early and/or late postoperative hypocalcaemia and length of stay (LOS) postparathyroidectomy between VDR and vitamin D non-replete (VDNR) PHPT patients. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of a prospectively maintained single surgeon operative database. All records of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy over a four-year period (July 2014 to December 2018) were extracted. Data were collected on vitamin D and corrected calcium levels pre- and postoperatively as well as postoperative complications and LOS. Results On presentation, there were 91 (47.9%) VDR and 99 (52.1%) VDNR patients. Following vitamin D therapy there were 148 (77.9%) VDR and 42 (22.1%) VDNR. The multivariate analysis showed that vitamin D status was the only significant factor impacting on the hypocalcaemia symptoms (OR 4.9, 95% CI 1.8–13.7, p = 0.002) and the most significant factor for the calcium supplementation (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.1–19.4, p = 0.001). Bilateral neck exploration was associated with increased likelihood of transient hypocalcaemia (p = 0.007) but no other post-op complication. Median LOS was significantly shorter for VDR (1 day) versus VDNR (1.5 days) patients (p = 0.001). Conclusion There is a statistically significant increased likelihood of postoperative hypocalcaemia symptoms, requirement for calcium supplements and increased LOS in VDNR patients. This study suggests optimising preoperative vitamin D status improves patient experience and could reduce healthcare costs.

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Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) describes the clinical picture of hypomineralization of systemic origin affecting one or more first permanent molar and incisors. Although the reported prevalence of MIH ranges from 2.4% to 40.2% worldwide, very little data is available from Nepal.Objective: To assess the prevalence of MIH in children aged 7-13 years of Biratnagar, Nepal. Study design:This cross-sectional descriptive study consisted of 567 children aged 7-13 years selected by cluster sampling method. Examinations were performed by one calibrated pediatric dentist. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2003 criteria was used for diagnosis. Results:The prevalence of MIH was 8.6% in the age group of 7 to 13 years. The prevalence of MIH was 8.33% in males and 9.01% in females. The prevalence and severity of MIH increased with increase in age. The prevalence of MIH was 10.54% in the age group of 10 to 13 years as compared to 5.95% in the age group of 7-9 years. Conclusion:The prevalence of MIH was 8.6% in the age group of 7 to 13 years. Developmental dental defects hold significance for scientists and practitioners from both medicine and dentistry. Dental interest has recently swung toward Molar Hypomineralisation. MIH imposes a significant burden on global health and has potential to become medically preventable, being linked to infantile illness.

Background: Dental caries persists as one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among children worldwide. In preschool age children, this form of dental caries is termed as Early Childhood Caries (ECC). The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of dental caries among preschool children of Biratnagar, Nepal.