Objective The actual incidence and demographic profile of hematological malignancies are unknown in Bihar because of lack of population-based cancer registry (PBCR) data and specialized tertiary cancer center facilities. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence, clinico-hematological profile and subtyping of acute leukemia cases by retrospective medical records. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Hematology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India, over 2 years from July 2019 to June 2021. A total of 176 cases with relevant clinical features and hematological findings were involved in the study. Medical records were studied and data were retrieved. Statistical Analysis Data were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Results A total of 176 cases with relevant clinical features and hematological findings were involved in the study. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was most prevalent (52.8%), followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (34.1%) and unclassified acute leukemia cases (13.1%). Flow cytometry correlation was available in 150 cases. The ratio of males (62.5%) to females (37.5%) is 1.6:1. There was statistically significant difference in physical examination findings between AML and ALL patients. Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and sternal tenderness were more often seen in ALL than in AML patients (p < 0.05). Pallor was more significantly associated with AML than with ALL patients (p < 0.05). Anemia and leucocytosis were found to be significantly associated with acute leukemia patients (p < 0.000). Conclusion AML M2 was the most common subtype of AML, and B-ALL was the most common subtype of ALL cases.

A 23-year-old girl presented with an insidious gradually progressing swelling over the right knee for one year with occasional pain. There was no history of any injury and laboratory studies were normal. On fine needle aspiration cytology, a probable diagnosis of pigmented villonodular synovitis was made, confirmed on biopsy. The lesion was excised and the patient has not had a recurrence in one year. This case report emphasises that the diagnoses of pigmented villonodular synovitis should be considered in any case of chronic joint effusion.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the third leading and common lethal cancers worldwide. Early detection of tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma is through ultrasonography, computerized tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans; however, these methods are not up to the mark, so a search for an efficient biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment of hepatocarcinogenesis is important. Proteomic and genomic approaches aid to develop new promising biomarkers for the diagnosis of HCC at the early stages. These biomarkers not only help in prognosis but also provide better therapeutic intervention against HCC. Among the different biomarker candidates, liquid biopsy [including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)] has recently emerged as a noninvasive detection technique for the characterization of circulating cells, providing a strong basis and early diagnosis for the individualized treatment of patients. This review provides the current understanding of HCC biomarkers that predict the risk of HCC recurrence.

A 38-year-old female presented with a history of progressively enlarging abdominal mass. Abdominal computed tomography showed a pelvic mass involving both the ovaries and omentum. CA-125 was normal. Staging surgery was performed and the histopathological diagnosis of Transitional Cell Carcinoma was made and later confirmed by immuno-histochemistry. Transitional cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare subtype of epithelial ovarian cancer. Surgical resection is the primary therapeutic approach, and patient's outcomes after chemotherapy are better than for other types of ovarian cancers.

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