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Introduction to evaluate the effects of intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine as a pre-medication on clinical profile of bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in lower abdominal surgeries. Methods this prospective randomized double blind study was done on 60 patients with ASA grade I/II undergoing lower abdominal surgeries under bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia. They were allocated to group-1 and group-2. Group-1 (control group) received normal saline and group-2 (study group) received IV dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg over 10 min as premedication. Five minutes after premedication, subarachnoid block (SAB) was given with 3 ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine following which sensory and motor blockade, hemodynamic changes, sedation, and complications of the surgery were recorded and this data was analyzed statistically using χ 2 test, corrected χ 2 test, Fisher´s exact test, and test of proportion (Z-test). Results the results of the present study showed that in group-2 there was significant decrease in the onset of sensory block, higher level of sensory blockade achieved, less time required to attain highest level of anaesthesia, prolonged time required for 2 dermatomal regression, prolonged duration of sensory blockade, prolonged duration of analgesia, decrease in onset of motor blockade, no significant increase in duration of motor blockade, there was overall hemodynamic stability except for few cases of bradycardia responding to atropine and hypotension responding to mephentramine, adequate and acceptable intraoperative sedation, and significantly less incidence of shivering in perioperative period. Conclusion IV infusion of dexmedetomidine 1 µg/kg body weight prior to SAB can be recommended to achieve better sensory blockade and adequate hemodynamic stability and sedation.

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) led to reduced success with traditional H. pylori treatments. This warrants further evaluation of other treatment options. One such treatment regimen of interest is nitazoxanide containing regimen. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the addition of nitazoxanide to clarithromycin-based triple therapy in patients with H. pylori infection. METHODS: In this single-center prospective observational trial, patients with H. pylori infection were treated with a regimen comprising of nitazoxanide 1000 mg, amoxicillin 2000 mg, clarithromycin 1000 mg, and esomeprazole 80 mg per day (NACE regimen) for14 days. Eradication of H. pylori infection was assessed 4 weeks after completion of therapy by using stool antigen assay. Treatment compliance and adverse effects were also evaluated. RESULTS: Out of 111 patients who entered into the study for final analysis, H. pylori eradication was achieved in 93.7% (104 out of 111) patients in per-protocol analysis and 90.4% (104 out of 115) patients in intention to treat analysis. The treatment regimen was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The addition of nitazoxanide to standard clarithromycin-based triple therapy effectively eradicates H. pylori infection. This regimen is safe and well tolerated.

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