An experiment was conducted during rabi seasons of 2002-03 and 2003-04 to quantify the light interception and radiation use efficiency for three wheat varieties as affected by variable number of irrigations with the combination of three wheat varieties viz., HUW-234, HD-2285 and PBW-154. The light interception increased successively till 90 days after sowing (DAS) and thereafter a gradual decrease was observed till maturity of the crop. Four irrigations given at CRI, late tillering, late jointing and ear head formation stages showed highest radiation interception followed by three and two irrigations, however, the lowest radiation interception was observed for wheat crop receiving one irrigation only. On an average, 19.08 % and 12.79 % increase in radiation interception was found for wheat crop irrigated four and three times respectively as compared to singly irrigated crop. Highest radiation interception was recorded with HUW 234 followed by HD 2285 at all the growth stages except 15, 30, 45 DAS. More light interception reflected in significantly superior yield and yield attributes in the order of I4>I3>I2>I1. Subsequently, radiation useefficiency (RUE) also followed the similar trend showing highest and lowest RUE with four and one irrigation respectively. Among the different varieties, HUW-234 recorded highest radiation use efficiency followed by HD-2285. The average RUE during the entire growing period for HUW-234 and HD-2285 was found to be 1.68 g MJ-1 and 1.63 g MJ-1 respectively, which was 4.83 and 1.95 % higher than PBW-154.

The current field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Student's Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh to assess the Studies on the root architecture with nodulation of the chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) as influence by different moisture management practices along with seed inoculation and level of zinc. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with 27 treatment combination comprising three moisture conservation practices namely, flat bed with 2.5 t/ha crop residue, narrow bed and furrow with 2.5 t/ha crop residue, broad bed and furrow with 2.5 t/ha crop residue in main plot and three seed inoculation (control, rhizobium and PSB) in sub-plots and three zinc level (control, 2.5 kg zinc/ha and 5.0 kg zinc/ha) in sub- sub plot with three replication. Results showed that among the different moisture management practices, used of broad bed and furrow with 2.5 t/ha crop residue were significantly enhanced root architecture, nodulation and grain yield, over the flat bed with 2.5 t/ha crop residue, respectively. Among the different Biofertilizers treatments seed inoculation with Rhizobium had significantly improved the root architecture, nodulation and yield, over control. Application of increasing levels of zinc up to 5.0 kg Zn/ha has significant influences on root architecture, nodulation and yield, over control. The combined application broad bed and furrow with 2.5 t/ha crop residue with Rhizobium and 5.0 kg/ha zinc resulted in significantly higher root architecture, nodulation and seed yield of chickpea during both the years of experimentation.

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with 27 treatment combination comprising of three moisture conservation practices viz. flat bed with 2.5 t/ha crop residue, narrow bed and furrow with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue and broad bed and furrow with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue in main plot and three seed inoculation viz. control, rhizobium and PSB in sub plot with three zinc level viz. control, 2.5 kg Zn ha-1 and 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 in sub-sub plot. Result shows that the broad bed and furrow with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue produced significantly all growth parameters and yields attributes as compare to flat bed with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue and narrow bed and furrow with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue, respectively. The all growth parameters and yields attributes were significantly recorded higher under seed inoculation with rhizobium over PSB and control. The application of different dose of zinc produced marked significant variation in growth parameter and yield attributes when it increased up to 5.0 kg Zn ha-1. The highest yields were significantly receive in broad bed and furrow with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue over narrow bed and furrow with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue and flat bed with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue, respectively with percent increment 16.33, 24.65, 11.47 and 7.16 in respect of biological yield, grain yield, stover yield and harvest index, respectively over control in pooled data. Seed inoculation with rhizobium produced significantly higher yields parameter over control and PSB with percent increment 5.37, 7.72, 3.84 and 2.34 in biological yield, grain yield, stover yield and harvest index, respectively over control. Application of 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 were produced significantly higher yields with percent increment 6.24, 7.25, 5.56 and 1.01 over control in respect of biological yield, grain yield, stover yield and harvest index, respectively. Therefore, broad bed and furrow with 2.5 t ha-1 crop residue and rhizobium inoculation with dose of 5.0 kg Zn ha-1 were significantly superior in respect to growth and yield attributes and yields of chickpea in present investigation.

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A field experiment was conducted with ten treatments pendimethalin (PE) @1.0kg ha -1 , isoproturon (POE) @1.20kg ha -1 , pendimethalin (PE) @1.0kg ha -1 +hand weeding at 45 DAS, isoproturon (POE) @1.20kg ha -1 +hand weeding at 45 DAS, pendimethalin (PE) @1.0kg ha -1 +straw mulch @5t ha -1 , isoproturon (POE) @1.20kg ha -1