Precarious manhood beliefs portray manhood, relative to womanhood, as a social status that is hard to earn, easy to lose, and proven via public action. Here, we present cross-cultural data on a brief measure of precarious manhood beliefs (the Precarious Manhood Beliefs scale [PMB]) that covaries meaningfully with other cross-culturally validated gender ideologies and with country-level indices of gender equality and human development. Using data from university samples in 62 countries across 13 world regions ( N = 33,417), we demonstrate: (1) the psychometric isomorphism of the PMB (i.e., its comparability in meaning and statistical properties across the individual and country levels); (2) the PMB’s distinctness from, and associations with, ambivalent sexism and ambivalence toward men; and (3) associations of the PMB with nation-level gender equality and human development. Findings are discussed in terms of their statistical and theoretical implications for understanding widely-held beliefs about the precariousness of the male gender role.

Aim To better understand the functionality of job crafting and its relationship with personality and job autonomy in the context of non‐Western health care as an adaptive problem‐solving work behaviour that is related to creativity. Background Job crafting could be a strategy nurses use to solve problems as health care organisations become more unpredictable. Methods This cross‐sectional study sampled 547 nurses from seven hospitals in Lebanon. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Results The job crafting dimensions of increasing structural job resources and increasing challenging job demands partially mediated the relationship between creativity and subjective well‐being, and they fully mediated the relationship between job autonomy and subjective well‐being. Creativity, job autonomy, and agreeableness were related to the approach job crafting dimensions, and two of these job crafting dimensions were in turn related to subjective well‐being. Conclusion Creative nurses tend to job craft more and this is associated with their subjective well‐being. Nurses high on extraversion and emotional stability experienced higher subjective well‐being. Implications for Nursing Management Nursing administration and leaders may want to create an environment fostering creativity and encouraging approach‐oriented job crafting.

Social role theory posits that binary gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in less egalitarian countries, reflecting these countries’ more pronounced sex-based power divisions. Conversely, evolutionary and self-construal theorists suggest that gender gaps in agency and communion should be larger in more egalitarian countries, reflecting the greater autonomy support and flexible self-construction processes present in these countries. Using data from 62 countries ( N = 28,640), we examine binary gender gaps in agentic and communal self-views as a function of country-level objective gender equality (the Global Gender Gap Index) and subjective distributions of social power (the Power Distance Index). Findings show that in more egalitarian countries, gender gaps in agency are smaller and gender gaps in communality are larger. These patterns are driven primarily by cross-country differences in men’s self-views and by the Power Distance Index (PDI) more robustly than the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI). We consider possible causes and implications of these findings.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between job crafting dimensions and job satisfaction across three samples of nurses from different cultures, and to assess whether and the extent to which basic need satisfaction plays a mediating role in this relationship across the distinguished cultural contexts. We conducted a cross-sectional survey study in hospital settings in three cultural contexts (Lebanon, N = 109; India, N = 115; USA, N = 139). Our results indicated that increasing social job resources is directly related to job satisfaction, only in the Lebanese sample, and that increasing challenging job demands is related to job satisfaction via the need for autonomy in the Lebanese and USA samples. We found no relationship between any of the job crafting dimensions and job satisfaction in the Indian sample. We concluded that job crafting might be a concept that manifests differently depending on the cultural context. Our data showed that job crafting is not always related to positive work outcomes and that consideration of cultural contexts is of utmost importance to better understand its predictive value and the underlying mechanisms in relationships under study. This study sheds light on the applicability and functionality of job crafting in the nursing profession. Furthermore, by studying this phenomenon in two underrepresented cultural contexts (i.e., Lebanon and India), and comparing our findings with the ones from the USA, we gain more insight into aspects of measurement (in)variance and cross-cultural (dis)similarities in the relationships under study.