Intracranial calcifications in the pediatric population can have many etiologies including neoplastic, infectious, neurodegenerative, metabolic, or cerebrovascular abnormalities. We present the case of a 2-year-old boy with vein of Galen malformation, a rare cause of intracranial calcifications with a review of literature.

Background The deltoid is a large triangular muscle at the shoulder. It attaches proximally to the clavicle, acromion and scapula, while distally it attaches to the lateral deltoid tuberosity. Ruptures are rare, and the literature only reports cases of proximal detachment. In this article, we report the first case of distal traumatic deltoid muscle detachment and its successful management. Case A young female sustained a traumatic injury following a Jet Ski accident with loss of consciousness. A complete distal rupture of the deltoid muscle was diagnosed after the basic functions were regained and a thorough musculoskeletal examination could be conducted. A conservative approach helped her to regain an acceptable shoulder function, but there was persistent pain upon activity and cosmetic scarring. The patient underwent surgical reconstruction. Postoperatively, she recovered satisfactorily. Discussion Distal detachment of the deltoid muscle is rare. The choice for surgical treatment may be undertaken based on several factors including functional status and patient-based assessment.

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Choledochal cysts are rare congenital cystic dilatations of the biliary tree. They are most commonly present in female infants and young children, and their pathology remains unclear. The triad of intermittent jaundice, abdominal mass, and pain is found only in a minority of patients. Diagnosis and delineation of accurate biliary anatomy are crucial for surgical planning. This is most often successfully achieved with ultrasound and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. The definitive treatment is cyst excision which decreases the risk of biliary carcinoma. We present an unusual case of a choledochal cyst in an adolescent boy with a review of the literature and emphasis on multi-imaging modalities, including the role of liver-specific gadolinium contrast agents in challenging cases to confirm the diagnosis.

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