This paper reviews the recent findings in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage samples. We discuss how wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) can be used as a complementary tool to help the fight against COVID-19 spread, particularly in low-income countries with low sewage coverage and where the testing coverage is deficient, such as Brazil. One of the major challenges on WBS is the use of different protocols to estimate the number of infected people in a community from the quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. Therefore, we assembled and reviewed all the relevant data available to date about this topic. Virus concentration and detection methods were reviewed as well, and some of them can be performed in most of the microbiology and environmental engineering laboratories in low-income countries, as discussed. Moreover, the monitoring and sampling plan should represent the local reality. Thus, we suggest unique strategies for sewage sampling and monitoring in different sewerage network points and the slums, despite the possible logistics difficulties involved. Considering the low levels of sanitation in most urban agglomerates in Brazil, WBS can potentially assume a crucial role as a cost-effective strategy to monitor the circulation of the virus and assess the real prevalence of COVID-19.

Climate change in Brazil has led to an increase in temperature and changes in the distribution of climatic extremes, such as droughts, droughts, floods and floods. This is potentialized when it comes to the semi-arid Northeast. Environmental studies related to this theme are in constant development. For this, the geotechnologies are of great importance for the environmental studies, since they allow the acquisition and analysis of information of use of the ground, vegetal cover and phenomena of the nature. In the present work, the Vegetation Cover Index was studied using remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques through the digital processing of images acquired in the years 2000 to 2015 of the LANDSAT satellites of three municipalities of Pernambuco to observe the vegetation cover in the said temporal space with the degraded areas possibly resulting from the desertification process in the region. Thus, it was found that the municipalities of Betânia and Itacuruba have very high vulnerability (0.75 and 1, respectively). On the other hand, the municipality of Floresta presented a high vulnerability of ICV (0.5), as the vegetation deficit influences hydrological dynamics, soil protection, climatic stability and thermal influence, corroborating the desertification process.

Climate change in Brazil has led to an increase in temperature and changes in the distribution of climatic extremes, such as droughts and floods. This is potentialized when it comes to the brasilian semi-arid Northeast. Environmental studies related to this theme are in constant development. For this, the geotechnologies are of great importance for the environmental studies, since they allow the acquisition and analysis of information of use of the ground, vegetal cover and phenomena of the nature. In the present work, the Vegetation Cover Index was studied using remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques through the digital processing of images acquired in the years 2000 to 2015 of the LANDSAT satellites of three municipalities of Pernambuco to observe the vegetation cover in the said temporal space with the degraded areas possibly resulting from the desertification process in the region. Thus, it was found that the municipalities of Betânia and Itacuruba have very high vulnerability (0.75 and 1, respectively). On the other hand, the municipality of Floresta presented a high vulnerability of ICV (0.5), as the vegetation deficit influences hydrological dynamics, soil protection, climatic stability and thermal influence, corroborating the desertification process.

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The creation of the Guadeloupe EPA aimed to protect natural ecosystems and promote sustainable development in atlantic forest fragments existing in Pernambuco, Brazil. However, even with the State Decree formalizing these objectives, the ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest Biome present at the site suffered serious data by anthropic actions. For the study of these ecosystems, spectral analysis was an excellent channel of connection between geotechnologies and phytogeography of the site, allowing to study the location and type of vegetation in the extension of the Conservation Unit. From this perspective, the present research aimed to differentiate the atlantic forest ecosystems through spectral analysis. The results of spectral analysis allowed to indicate that in the identification of the Dense Ombrófila Forest the best specific combination is Atmospheric Penetration (PA) in its Pixel (PI) α. Mangrove in turn can be better identified in Infrared Vegetation (IVV) - Ranging from 150 to 220 Ash Levels (NC) - in pi α and also in PI β and PI γ varying in values very close to 50NC. Regarding restinga it is estimated that it can be accurately identified in Agriculture (AG), especially in pi γ, and also in Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), in all its Pixels.