The gaps in our knowledge of Bronze Age Euboea are so serious as to amount in some areas to a total blank. This is equally true of the periods immediately preceding and following the Bronze Age and has been commented on by a number of writers concerned with regional surveys. There remains a marked disparity between the state of our information and both the importance suggested by literary tradition and the archaeological potential of so well-placed and fertile an island.

The material for the present study was collected during 1963 and 1964, on various expeditions to eastern Arcadia. My original intention was to survey the whole province with regard to its prehistoric occupation; this, however, proved too great a task in the time available, and I was able to cover little more than the highland plains around the Classical cities of Tegea, Mantinea, and Orchomenos. The following work will therefore be mainly concerned with that area, which constitutes eastern Arcadia, although I have also listed the evidence for prehistoric habitation over the remainder of the province as well. I have taken the province to cover the area as described by Pausanias, rather than the present-day administrative unit. This is not an exhaustive survey, even of the area most intensively covered; rather it should be seen as a preliminary work, which will, it is hoped, stimulate interest in further field-work and perhaps excavation in this neglected area of the Peloponnese.

Excavations in Caerleon, the headquarters of the Second Augustan Legion, have demonstrated the existence of a tetrapylon at the centre of the Roman fortress. Evidence indicates that the structure survived into the medieval period when it was undermined and demolished. A recent review of ceramic finds associated with the demolition horizon suggests that the tetrapylon was razed in the thirteenth century. While stone-robbing for reconstruction of the medieval castle in Caerleon may provide a partial explanation for the destruction, political circumstances at the time provided additional incentives. Association of the Roman remains with resurgent Welsh lordship appears to have created a political reason for removal of the structure.

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The American School of Classical Studies at Athens is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens.(PLATES 17-32) GENERAL INTRODUCTION N a previous issue of this journal' we made a preliminary report on the results of the first three campaigns of excavation (1969-1970-1971) by the Minnesota Messenia Expedition (MME) on the Nichoria ridge. The present article is intended as a sequel for the last three campaigns, viz. summer 1972, spring and summer 1973. Since 1973 was the final opportunity for large-scale excavation in a 5-year program,2 we felt that an extraordinary spring season was needed to fulfill one of our main objectives, i.e. to investigate as fully as time allowed the over-all village layout in major occupation phases (Fig. 1).? l W. A. McDonald, "Excavations at Nichoria in Messenia: 1969-71," Hesperia, XLI, 1972, pp. 218-273, pls. 38-52. The information there published on the discovery, topography and regional setting of the site need not be repeated. We owe a special debt to Mr. Bryan Carlson for his skilled and dedicated preparation of the maps and plans in that article and the present one. 2 The excavation committee of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens, through which permits for most American excavations in Greece are channeled (subject, of course, to annual review by the Greek Archaeological Service), had made it clear to us from the beginning that we would be expected to yield the permit to another expedition at the end of five years. We take this opportunity to acknowledge the interest and counsel of the committee, most of whose members have visited our operation. In particular, we are deeply grateful to successive directors of the School, Henry S. Robinson and James R. McCredie, for their unwavering support of an enterprise that was in some ways a new departure in Greek archaeology. They and the staff at the School always provided sympathetic and efficient help without which we could not have satisfactorily carried out our own commitment.We wish likewise to thank the Greek Archaeological Service for the opportunity afforded us to carry on research in a country that has become for many of us a second fatherland. The late Professor Spyridon Marinatos was Director-general of the Service throughout our five-year excavation. Dr. Nicholas Yalouris was ephor for western Peloponnese in 1958-1959 when the site was identified and first tested. In 1968 he and his successor, Mr. Georgios Papathanasopoulos, generously ceded their rights to excavate the inhabited area on the ridgetop. The excavation was carried out under the successive supervision of Mr. Papatha...