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The e.m.f. of the cell, buffer x from pH 1 to 11, is given by where E" = 0.155 V ; the dissociation constants K1, K2 of the reduced form are 5 x 10-8 and 1.26 x 10-5, and that of the oxidized form K3 is 3.16 x 10-4. Deviations of several millivolts occur in alkaline buffer solutions of appreciable ionic strengths. Even in solutions more dilute than 10-4 M, potentials are well poised (except at the extremes of the titration curves). Potentials on the normal hydrogen scale are tabulated at intervals of 0.5 pH.