Tachycardia is a term used to describe any abnormally elevated heart rate exceeding or equal to 100 beats per minute (bpm), it can occur as the result of a wide array of pathologies. The majority of patients are symptomatic and typically present complaining of palpitations or chest discomfort. Patients may also have more dreadful presentations such as shock, hypotension, dyspnea, altered conscious level, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Tachycardias are classically classified into narrow complex tachycardia (NCT) and wide complex tachycardia (WCT) based on the width of the QRS complex on Electrocardiography (ECG). Our objective was to look into the literature concerning the different types of tachycardia and their diagnosis along with their management. PubMed database was used for articles selection, papers afterward were obtained and reviewed accordingly. Clinical presentations of tachycardia can vary from simple palpitations or lightheadedness to severe shock or even sudden death. Diagnosis is mainly through the use of ECG or Holter monitor. The first step in the management of any type of tachycardia is assessing the hemodynamic stability of the patient, where if they were found to be unstable prompt use of cardioversion is warranted to prevent progression into cardiac arrest. In cases of stable NCT vagal maneuvers and IV, adenosine is considered to be the initial line of the therapy, other treatment options include radiofrequency or catheter ablation.

Open ankle fractures are uncommon (3-6%) among all ankle fractures. Emerging trends show that the incidence of low-energy open ankle fractures is prevalent in older women. The mechanism of open fracture management continues to pose difficulties for orthopaedic surgeons. A simple fall is responsible for just under half of all fractures caused by motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Despite technological advancements and surgical methods, infectious and non-infectious rates remain problematic. The mainstay of care is to combine antibiotic therapy with thorough irrigation and debridement. To prevent additional soft tissue and vascular damage, these fractures must be stabilized immediately, preferably with an external fixator. When the residual infection has cleared and the soft tissue envelope is adequate, do a definitive open reduction and internal fixation, adapting the procedure to the patient and type of fracture. Functional outcomes could be enhanced by taking safeguards against preventable comorbidities to reduce postoperative complications.