This chapter reassesses theories of motivation, both historical and contemporary, related to religious tourism, pilgrimage, festivals and events, recognizing the act of travel as well as the arrival as part of the complex matrix of travel motivators. The chapter introduces discourses on content theory and process theory, highlighting the work of Maslow and Herzberg to underpin the analysis of motivations for religious tourism and pilgrimage.

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This chapter explores how Muslims perform the Hajj and what the experience of Hajj is for the individual participant. The Hajj is considered as the culmination of each Muslim's religious duties and aspiration and it is stated in the Holy Qur'an that every physically and financially able Muslim should make the Hajj to the Holy City of Mecca (Makkah) once in his or her lifetime. It is argued that the Hajj is not a tourist phenomenon; according to the Holy Qur'an and Hadiths it is one of the pillars of Islam, and thus it is not like any other pilgrimage in the world.

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