Background: This study was conducted to provide evidence on the current status of breast cancer and its incidence trend in Eastern Mediterranean Region during 1998-2019. Also, this study aimed to investigate the association between the incidence of breast cancer and Human Development Index and some factors related to this index, including total fertility rate, and obesity, using a meta-analysis. Method: Data on incidence of breast cancer were collected from various sources, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and WHO, from 1998 to 2019 using systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled age standardized rate was calculated based on study duration and quality of data using a subgroup analysis and random effect meta-analysis. Results: A total of 80 studies (545 data points) were analyzed. Pooled age standardized rate of breast cancer for Eastern Mediterranean Region was 37.1 per 100,000 person-year (95% confidence interval [CI], 34.5, 39.8) during 2011-2019. age standardized rate of breast cancer had an upward trend in Eastern Mediterranean Region from 2005 to 2019. However, the increasing trend was found to be slightly different in various regions based on quality of data. Moreover, pooled age standardized rate had a significant association with Human Development Index [− 89.2 (95% CI, − 119.8, − 58.7)] and obesity [1.2 (95% CI, 0.9, 1.5)]. Conclusion: Pooled age standardized rate of breast cancer in Eastern Mediterranean Region was lower than the global average. Also, the age standardized rate value and its incremental trend have been higher in countries with high-quality data than in other countries of this region in recent years. Data quality or physiological factors, such as increase in obesity rates, could be the reasons for this incremental trend.

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental disorder following traumatic events. The present study was conducted to understand the prevalence of PTSD after the earthquake in Iran and Pakistan. The review includes all articles published from inception to March 2019. The pooled prevalence for overall PTSD was 55.6% (95% CI: 49.9–61.3). It was 60.2% (95% CI: 54.1–66.3) and 49.2% (95% CI: 39.4–59) for Iranian and Pakistani survivors, respectively. Women experienced higher incidence of PTSD than men. The variation of PTSD based on the clinical interview was lower than the self-report approach. The interval time between the earthquakes and the assessment showed that the prevalence of PTSD decreased over time. The prevalence of PTSD in Iran and Pakistan was higher than the global average, and the rate of the disorder in Iran was higher than in Pakistan. Sex, method of assessment, and time lag between the occurrence of disaster and assessment of PTSD affect the prevalence.

Background: Extra/pre-marital sexual behaviors (EPSB) are considered as an important problem, especially among the young generation. Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and determinants of EPSB among university students in Kerman, Iran. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 2157 students in 2016. This study used different data collection methods such as direct and network scale-up (NSU). A self-administrated questionnaire was completed by the participants for direct data survey. Then NSU data were gathered through the interview by a trained same-sex interviewer. Results: Total of 1035 male and 695 female students (n = 1730) were studied with the mean age of 20.5 years (range 18-29). In the direct method, 14.9% of the students had sex with non-student partners (SNSP) (3.4% females and 22.6% males). Corresponding percentages in the NSU method were 2.5% and 7.9%. Comparing direct method results of two groups, it was determined that males' last year SNSP (22.6 %,) was more prevalent but in females, last year sex with student partner (SSP) (4.7%) was more prevalent. Comparisons revealed that in the direct method, 41.7% of the students watched pornography (16.6% females and 58.8% males). There was a significant association between watching pornography and gender (OR male to female = 7.2), as well as between SSP and SNSP without any payment regarding the gender (OR male to female = 5.3 and 7.7). Conclusions: Our findings showed that extra/pre-marital sexual relationships are relatively common among university students, especially males. We found lower percentages in the indirect NSU method, which is mainly because of nature of such behaviors that are invisible in society and we could not provide estimation for visibility.

Neosporosis, a parasitic infection caused by Neospora caninum (N. caninum), is one of the main contagious factors that cause reproductive disturbances in cattle and neuromuscular complaints in dogs. This review was performed to determine the prevalence of cattle and dogs neosporosis in Iran. Data were systematically gathered from January 2004 to July 2020 in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the following electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Elmnet, Magiran, Irandoc, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database (SID) and civilica. In cattle, 57 studies and in dogs 28 studies reporting the prevalence of neosporosis in different areas of Iran found which met our eligibility criteria. In total, the pooled prevalence of neosporosis, using a randomeffect model, was estimated 24.2% (95% CI, 21.5-26.9) in cattle and 19.9% (95% CI, 15.3-24.4) in dogs. Furthermore, the majority of neosporosis cases were in the Southwest (37% in cattle and 30.6% in dogs) provinces of Iran. In conclusion, the pooled prevalence of cattle and dogs neosporosis in Iran is relatively high. This value differs among geographical regions as it is the maximum in the southwest for both and the minimum in the northeast for cattle and the southeast for dogs of Iran. These results are desirable for managing the control programs of this infection.