Background: Allergic rhinitis affects 500 million people worldwide, especially children and adolescents. This disease interferes with daily activities and productivity, leading to decreased quality of life. Allergic rhinitis is often accompanied by co-morbid conditions such as asthma, conjunctivitis, rhinosinusitis, urticaria and othersthat may worsen the disease. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with allergic rhinitis during the period of 2010-2011 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using medical records of allergic rhinitis patients who visited the allergy clinic of the Otorhinolaryngology -Head and Neck Surgery ( ORL -HNS ) Department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Results: There were 167 patients diagnosed as suffering from allergic rhinitis during the study time with more women (53.3%) affected compared to men (46.7%). Most of them were in the age group of 18-34 years old (52.7%) and their were student (53.3%). Most were suffered from moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis based on the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma-World Health Organization (ARIA-WHO) classification (52.7%). Co-morbid conditions were found in 73.7% of subjects and the allergic conjunctivitis (59.9%) was the most common. Conclusions: Allergic rhinitis is most commonly found in people at school age and productive age. Most allergic rhinitis patients are classified into persistent moderate/severe, showing that the rhinitis symptom has already interfered with their daily activities and decreased their quality of life. [AMJ.2014;1(2): [75][76][77][78][79][80]

Abstract. Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by immune dysregulation against infection. The purpose of this literature review is to collect previous research data on thrombocytopenia as early detection in neonatal sepsis patients. The results of this study showed that the standard diagnosis is based on bacterial culture from body fluids, but bacterial culture is hampered by low sensitivity, high false negative results due to high potential contamination, and slow analysis time. The high mortality rate of sepsis makes early detection essential. Monitoring and assessment of risk factors and hematologic profile is an attempt at early detection. Thrombocytopenia occurs 24 hours after infection. The activation of platelets causes clot formation which increases platelet utilization, leading to thrombocytopenia. Thus it can be concluded that thrombocytopenia can be used as early detection in patients with neonatal sepsis. Keywords: neonatal, sepsis, thrombocytopenia   Abstrak. Sepsis adalah disfungsi organ yang mengancam kehidupan yang disebabkan oleh disregulasi imun terhadap infeksi. Tujuan studi literatur ini untuk mengumpulkan data penelitian terdahulu mengenai trombositopenia sebagai deteksi dini pada pasien sepsis neonatorum. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukan standar baku diagnosis didasarkan pada kultur bakteri dari cairan tubuh, namun kultur bakteri ini terhambat oleh sensitivitas yang rendah, hasil negatif palsu yang tinggi karena tingginya potensi kontaminasi, dan waktu analisis yang lambat. Angka kematian sepsis yang tinggi sehingga penting dilakukan deteksi dini. Pemantauan dan penilaian faktor risiko dan profil hematologi merupakan upaya deteksi dini. Trombositopenia terjadi 24 jam setelah infeksi. Adanya aktivasi trombosit menyebabkan pembentukan clot sehingga meningkatkan pemakaian trombosit, sehingga menyebabkan trombositopenia. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa trombositopenia dapat digunakan sebagai deteksi dini pada pasien sepsis neonatorum. Kata Kunci: neonatorum, sepsis, trombositopenia

Abstract. During the Covid-19 pandemic there has been an increase in stress in Indonesia compared to before. Stress can have an impact on various parties, especially medical students who are known to have high levels of stress related to academic, environmental, and other problems. This stress can trigger the release of stress hormones through the hypothalamus-pituitary-andrenal axis, so that it can increase food intake which is the cause of an increase in body mass index in individuals. The research sample was taken using a probability sampling technique with a simple random sampling type, totaling 228 respondents and the respondents were selected using a lottery method so that there were 107 respondents by random sampling using the Chi-Square analysis method. The results showed that there was no relationship between stress levels and body mass index in first year students of the 2022 class of the Faculty of Medicine, Unisba, as evidenced by the p-value of p = 0.166 (p> 0.05). There are other factors that can affect the increase in body mass index including genetics, hormones, lifestyle, environment, and level of education. Abstrak. Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 telah terjadi peningkatan dari stres di Indonesia dibanding sebelumnya. Stres dapat memberikan dampak kepada berbagai pihak, terkhusus kepada mahasiswa kedokteran yang diketahui memiliki tingkat stres yang tinggi terkait dengan masalah akademik, lingkungan, dan lain-lain. Stres tersebut dapat memicu keluarnya hormon stres melalui aksis hipotalamus-pituitari-andrenal, sehingga dapat meningkatkan asupan makan yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya peningkatan indeks massa tubuh pada individu. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan teknik probability sampling dengan jenis simple random sampling yang berjumlah 228 responden dan dilakukan pemilihan responden menggunakan metode undian sehingga terdapat 107 responden secara random sampling dengan metode analisis Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan indeks massa tubuh pada mahasiswa tingkat satu angkatan 2022 Fakultas Kedokteran Unisba, terbukti dengan nilai p-value p=0.166 (p>0,05). Terdapat faktor lain yang dapat memengaruhi peningkatan indeks massa tubuh diantaranya genetik, hormonal, gaya hidup, lingkungan, dan tingkat pendidikan.