A obesidade é um problema de saúde pública ao observar as projeções de incidência dessa doença nos próximos anos é possível verificar que os números são alarmantes. Diante do exposto, pode-se inferir que essa é uma enfermidade em que a condição pode estar associada ao desenvolvimento de síndrome metabólica, caracterizada pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura em tecido adiposo. Em vista disso, se busca tratamentos para obesidade, nesse sentido, tem sido difundida a prática de ingestão diária de vinagre de maçã com intuito terapêutico, devido à potencial propriedade antihiperlipidêmica do ácido acético. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito benéfico do uso de vinagre de maçã utilizando o modelo experimental de dieta hipercalórica em ratos. Para isso, foram utilizados 32 wistar machos divididos em 4 grupos: Grupo Controle (C), Grupo com administração de vinagre de maçã (V), Grupo com administração de dieta hipercalórica (D), Grupo com administração de dieta hipercalórica associada à administração de vinagre (DV). Durante o experimento, os grupos que tiveram obesidade induzida receberam dieta de cafeteria, enquanto que os demais grupos receberam ração. Após 3 meses, foi realizada a gavagem de vinagre de maçã por 8 semanas. Os animais foram sacrificados e foram retiradas amostras sanguíneas, gordura mesentérica, aorta e fígado. Após as análises não houveram diferenças significativas devido ao uso do vinagre. Portanto, o uso contínuo de vinagre de maçã em modelo animal não se mostrou efetivo para redução de peso, bem como na melhora dos parâmetros bioquímicos e histológicos.
Introduction Obesity is defined as a multifactorial metabolic syndrome in which there is an excessive number of fat cells within the tissues. It is discussed that intestinal microbiota might have a relevant relation with obesity, since it is relevantly altered in obese patients. Objectives To assess the effect of stool transplantation (ST) in the condition of obesity and its outcomes in an experimental model of cafeteria diet by analyzing histology and weight gain. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: control (CO), control with antibiotics (CO + ATB), obesity (CAF + ATB), stool transplantation (ATB + ST) and obesity with stool transplantation (CAF + ATB + ST). During the experiment, obesity induction groups received cafeteria diet, whereas the remaining groups had normal diet ad libitum. After 3 months, daily ST was carried out for 8 weeks by gavage procedure. The animals were euthanized, and the small intestine was harvested for further analysis. Results It was observed that before starting the ST, the cafeteria and normal diet groups had significant weight difference (p < 0,0001). In the comparison between CAF + ATB and CAF + ATB + ST during the gavage period, the CAF + ATB + ST group presented lower weight gain (p = 0.0017). The histopathological evaluation show that the ATB + ST group did not present intestinal crypt distortion. Conclusion Cafeteria diet resulted in an expected weight gain. In relation to the ST, it has been shown that the procedure is effective in reducing weekly weight gain. Apparently, there was no induction of disabsortive syndrome in nonobese animals that received ST.
Introdução: Proctocolite alégica (PCA) é uma condição transitória benigna, com início nos primeiros 6 meses de vida. Objetivo: avaliar os potenciais fatores de risco para ocorrência de proctocolite alérgica em lactentes encaminhados com suspeita diagnóstica de alergia à proteína do leite de vaca (PLV), a duração do sintoma e ocorrência de recidiva. Método: estudo retrospectivo com avaliação dos prontuários de lactentes com menos de dois anos de vida com suspeita diagnóstica de PCA por PLV. Resultados: dos 193 lactentes estudados a mediana de idade de início da colite foi 40 dias (IIQ 20–75 dias). A duração mediana do sintoma foi 18 dias (IIQ 6–50 dias). Recidiva da colite ocorreu em 47 pacientes (24%). Conclusões: a evolução da PCA é transitória e benigna, independentemente de sua duração. Recidivas não são ameaçadoras. Muitos casos são idiopáticos. O principal fator de risco para duração prolongada (>30 dias) é o aleitamento materno, e os fatores associados a duração curta são ingestão de PLV, prematuridade, antibióticos e infecções. Não é justificável promover o desmame ou contraindicar antibióticos ou vacinas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lactente. Colite. Proctocolite. Alergia à proteína do leite de vaca.
BACKGROUNDSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease with heterogeneous clinical profile. Autoantibodies have been useful tools as disease markers and predictors of clinical manifestations and prognosis. Little is known about the role of anti-Ro/SSA antibody in this disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of anti-Ro/SSA antibody in SSc in a local sample and its influence on the clinical-epidemiological patient's profile. METHODSThis is a retrospective study carried out through chart review. To be included patients should fulfill at least nine points of the 2013 Classification Criteria of the American College of Rheumatology/European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for SSc; to have disease beginning after 18 years of age and anti-Ro/SSA autoantibody results. RESULTSAbout 142 patients were included. The female:male ratio was 11:1, and the patients were mainly Caucasians (65.67%) with a median age of 55 years and disease duration of 11 years. SSc predominated in its limited form, with a modified Rodnan score had a median of 8. The most common findings were: presence of Raynaud's phenomenon in 97.18%; joint complaints in 53.15%, gastric complaints in 66.67%; 69.50% had esophageal dysmotility and 63.57% had interstitial lung disease. As for the laboratory test, 93.57% of the patients had positive ANA, most of them (41.86%) with a fine speckled nuclear pattern, and 37.35% had the anticentromere autoantibody. Anti-Ro/SSA was present in 24.11% of the sample. Comparing the groups according to the presence of anti-Ro/SSA, those with this autoantibody had higher prevalence of myositis (p = 0.005), xerophthalmia (p = 0.002) and secondary Sjögren's syndrome (p < 0.0001) and less skin involvement (p = 0.002). As for autoantibodies, anti-La/SSB (p < 0.0001) and anti-U1-RNP (p < 0.0001) were associated with the presence of anti-Ro/SSA; anticentromere (p = 0.02) was associated with its absence. CONCLUSIONA total of 24.11% of SSc patients had positive anti-Ro/SSA. This marker was related to a higher prevalence of myositis, xerophthalmia, secondary Sjögren's syndrome and a lower rate of skin thickening. Anti-Ro/SSA present was indicative of the presence of anti-La/SSB and anti-U1-RNP, but absence of anticentromere.
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