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Objective A hypertensive disorder during pregnancy seriously endangers the safety of the fetus and women during pregnancy. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and its risk factors among antenatal women. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of PIH and risk factors for PIH among antenatal women in a selected hospital in Mangaluru. Methods A descriptive study was performed. The study used the total sample size of 400 pregnant women attending the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka. The data was collected with a self-reported checklist. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS 23. Results The prevalence of PIH was 10.75% that is 43 antenatal women out of 400. In this study, 34.88% had a family history of PIH, 23% had a previous history of PIH, 16% had a history of gestational diabetes, and 20.93% had a history of thyroid problems. The most important risk factors found for PIH in the present study are the previous history of PIH (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.276, 95% confidence interval [CI: 0.125–11.836), family history of hypertension (adjusted OR=1.930, 95% CI: 1.130–3.296), and thyroid problems (adjusted OR=1.904, CI: 0.786–4.611). Conclusion PIH is a common medical disorder associated with pregnancy. We noted that PIH is more prevalent in those who had it in their previous pregnancy. PIH is associated with multiple complications in the mother and the baby and particularly preterm delivery. The timely intervention of regular antenatal checkups, nutrition, health education, etc., can reduce the severity of PIH.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a common medical problem that is very often seen in pregnancy in the present era. Pregnant women should keep in mind their health and lifestyle considerations or else pregnancy will end up with many complications. Pre-existing factors and pregnancy factors will be contributing and make pregnancy more complicated. Exercises are recommended as a healthy practice which prevents many diseases and provides a healthy life. Aim: To evaluate the glycaemic level by focusing on exercises to improve the maternal outcome. Materials and Methods: A Pilot study with Quasi-experimental pre-post control group design with 30 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) women (15 in each group) were selected who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study was conducted in tertiary care Hospital between June 2019 and December 2019. Based on the convenience sampling technique, the setting was selected and a simple random technique was adopted to select the subjects. The 15 subjects were included in each groups, both intervention and control group. Exercises were taught for the interventional group of women for 12 weeks. Regular treatment was continued for both groups which include medication, diet and regular walking. Pre-test and post-test glycaemic scores were done for both the groups. Mann-whitney test, ANOVA, post-hoc test, paired Eta square were also used and IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 was used. Results: The study shows there was a significant difference in the pre-Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and post FBS values in the intervention group p-value <0.027. The paired Eta square value was 0.303 which showed a moderate effect of the exercise on the glycaemic value in the interventional group. There was a significant difference in the pre glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and post HbA1c values in both the intervention and control group was p-value <0.023 and p-value <0.025, respectively. The maternal outcome shows increased severity of the complications in the control group while comparing with the intervention group such as pre-eclampsia, operative interference, and preterm deliveries. But there was no significant difference in the maternal outcome observed between intervention and control group p-value >0.05. Conclusion: Regular moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise training during pregnancy is associated with lower blood glucose level. Thus, study concluded that exercise has a moderate effect on glycaemic control.

Introduction Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical complications of pregnancy. GDM can adversely affect the short- and long-term health of mothers and their newborns. Aim This study aims to determine the association between maternal glycemic parameters with adverse maternal outcomes and baseline characteristics among women with GDM. Settings and Design Observational, prospective study. Materials and Methods Sixty-six pregnant women visiting outpatient department of a parent hospital who were diagnosed with GDM by an obstetrician were included in the study. Glycemic parameters were documented at the time of diagnosis (at 24 weeks of pregnancy). The maternal outcomes were studied after 24 hours of delivery. Results The mean age of the women was 29.05 ± 3.98 years and 36.4% of the women were primipara. Among 66 women, 47% had a family history of diabetes mellitus, and that 48.28% of them belonged to first-degree relatives. Body mass index indicated in prepregnancy status 39.4% of them were overweight. In glycemic parameters, 63.6 and 93.9% of the women had increased fasting blood sugar and postprandial blood sugar values, respectively. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was elevated in 45.5% of the women. The maternal outcome showed that 30.30% of the women underwent cesarean section, 18.18% had preeclampsia, and 15.16% of them had increased weight gain (>11kg). There was a significant association between HbA1c and preeclampsia, p = 0.044. Conclusions The study reiterates that GDM has a poor maternal outcome, the mother is at risk to develop preeclampsia, increased maternal weight gain, and interference of cesarean section is more. Clinical Significance During the antenatal period among GDM mothers' glycemic control is very essential. Any variation in the glycemic parameters of the mother will lead to poor maternal outcomes.

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