RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar a prevalência das patologias fenilcetonúria (FNC), hipotireoidismo congênito (HC), fibrose cística (FC), hemoglobinopatias (HB) e hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) During the study period, the following prevalences were obtained: 1:28,862 children screened for PKU; 1:2,876 children screened for CH; 1:5,121 children screened for CF; 1:14,446 children screened for HB S; and 1:11,655 children screened for CAH. Conclusions: The prevalence of PKU proved to be lesser than the national prevalence, while CAH prevalence was greater. On the other hand CH prevalence was similar to the global and national prevalence. Moreover, the predominance of the Caucasian population in the state resulted in reduced prevalence of HB S and increased prevalence of CF in relation to the rest of the country. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2013;57 (5) INTRODUÇÃO A triagem neonatal consiste em um exame laboratorial de caráter preventivo que tem por objetivo a detecção precoce de erros inatos do metabolismo e de outras patologias assintomáticas no período neonatal, permitindo a interferência no curso da doença e promovendo, assim, a diminuição ou até mesmo a eliminação das sequelas associadas a cada patologia (1).