No abstract

This article presents practitioner research dealing with improvisation in solfège as a creative alternative for the development of music perception. Solfège practice, conceived as a personal construction of a melody, requires an attitude that embraces aural sensitivity to the spatial and temporal dimensions of a melodic line, identification of problems, hypothesizing solutions and experimenting with strategies. In contextualized improvisation in solfège, the melody recently read and understood is manipulated in order to find different ways of embellishing its structure without changing the basic character. Examples extracted from solfège classes in a higher education context are illustrated and discussed. Improvisation on solfège exercises demands awareness of melodic contour at the same time as each note is being named, coherence and rhythmic freedom, providing the means for the students to develop the musical structures dealt with in the studied exercises.

No abstract

This study investigated the routine procedures employed by nine undergraduate piano students at a Brazilian university while learning and performing memorized pieces and the procedures employed using Chaffin's performance cue (PC) protocols. The data were collected in two phases. In Phase I, each participant selected one piece that he or she had previously studied and memorized in the preceding academic semester. For Phase II, the students were introduced to Chaffin's PC protocols, and they were allowed 10 weeks to memorize another piece of their own choosing. Thereafter, a second semi-structured interview with specific criteria was carried out, and the performance of the memorized piano piece was recorded. In Phase I, there were frequent references to structural and expressive cues. In Phase II, the employed PCs were shown to be related to the nature of the style of each piece, which in turn may indicate that explicit memory (content-addressable cues) seems to be associated with the deliberate expression of a given piece's stylistic structure. Furthermore, tempo also seems to modulate the frequency of the PCs necessary to guarantee a successful memorized performance, for example, a faster tempo results in fewer PCs being employed.

Resumo. Pesquisas em prática instrumental evidenciam tendências que expressam certos aspectos de racionalidade calculada da ação e apontam para uma perspectiva pragmática de engajamento pessoal frente às situações de prática. Sistematizações sobre modos intencionais de proceder na prática instrumental em conexão com níveis de especialização músico-instrumental encontram-se não somente nos resultados dessas pesquisas, mas também implícitos nos conceitos de prática. assim, o presente artigo discute a natureza e a finalidade das condições procedimentais implícitas nos conceitos e resultados de pesquisas em prática instrumental. Implicações procedimentais apresentam-se também nas discussões referentes à quantidade e a qualidade na prática, e justificam a existência de níveis diferenciados de especialização músico-instrumental na prática. o presente artigo aborda ainda a relação entre procedimentos e estratégias de prática. Palavras-chave: prática instrumental em música, procedimentos em música, estratégias em música. A pragmatic perspective in instrumental practice research: conditions and procedural implicationsAbstract. Research in instrumental practice has shown some trends that express certain aspects of calculated rationality, and point out to a pragmatic regime of personal commitment during practice. the systematization of the intentional procedures of the performer in order to improve and to refine one's music expertise level is present in research as well as in the concepts of instrumental practice. thus, the present article discusses the nature and the goals of the procedimental conditions implicit in the concepts and research results in instrumental practice. Procedimental implications are also present in the discussion of the role of quantity and quality in the practice and justify the existence of different levels of instrumental expertise in the practice. this article also raises the relationship between procedures and strategies of practice. Keywords: instrumental practice in music, music procedures, music strategies. Introduçãoa prática instrumental vem sendo mais intensamente pesquisada nos últimos 20 anos. Pesquisas têm sido delineadas sob tendências da psicologia social e cognitiva, e apontam certos aspectos da racionalidade calculada da ação, ou seja, uma racionalidade de meios para se alcançar os fins desejados, dentro de uma perspectiva pragmática (vide, por exemplo, tHÉVenot, 2001). em outras palavras, essas pesquisas evidenciam as potencialidades do planejamento intencional de instrumentistas, frente às situações de prática, e voltam-se à sistematização de aspectos que possibilitem a melhoria e o refinamento do nível de especialização músico-instrumental. a literatura nacional e internacional tem discutido sobre os avanços dessas pesquisas a fim de compreender e divulgar aspectos referentes aos conceitos sobre prática, PER MUSI -Revista acadêmica de Música -n.19, 96 p., jan. -jul., 2009 aos níveis de especialização instrumental, assim como recursos estratégicos frequentemente utilizados nas si...