The ecotourism is global issues who most talked lately in Indonesia, it is one of the activities special tourist interest which low impacts on natural tourism.The presence of ecotourism in the era of sustainable and tourism development mission should be minimum negative impacts, both on the environment resources and on socio-cultural local values. Ecotourism activities were more oriented on the utilization of natural resources, the natural ecosystems and have not been polluted yet. However, when all of tourism development can not be separated from the negative impacts, such as ecosystem distress in ecotourism object when visited by large number of tourists, there are many conflicts of interest between the ecotourism management with local communities, especially regarding the benefits sharing and its accessibilities. The purpose of this paper is to identify the environmental impacts arising as a result of ecotourism activities and to find out alternative efforts in mitigating the environmental impact of ecotourism activities. Carrying capacity of ecotourism is not just limited to the number of visits, but also covers other aspects, such as: (1) ecological capacity that is ability of natural environment in providing the needs of tourists, (2) physical capacity, that is ability of facilities and infrastructure in providing the needs of tourists, (3) social capacity, that is ability to absorb tourism activities without the negative impacts on the local communities, (4) the economic capacity, that is ability to absorb destination commercial efforts and accommodateany interests of the local economy.

KELIMPAHAN DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI SUNGAI AIR TERJUN TUNAN, TALAWAAN, MINAHASA UTARA, SULAWESI UTARAABSTRAKMakrozoobentos merupakan organisme akuatik yang hidup di dasar perairan dengan pergerakan relatif lambat yang sangat dipengaruhi oleh substrat dasar serta kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos yang terdapat di sungai air terjun Tunan, Desa Talawaan, Minahasa Utara, Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga stasiun. Stasiun 1 (Air Terjun Tunan), Stasiun 2 (Pintu masuk wisata), dan Stasiun 3 (Perkebunan). Pengambilan sampel makrozoobentos menggunakan metode purposive random sampling. Pengambilan sampel makrozoobentos di dasar perairan dengan menggunakan jaring surber yang berukuran ukuran 25 cm x 40 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukan makrozoobentos yang ditemukan di sungai air terjun Tunan terdiri dari 3 filum, 3 kelas, 10 bangsa, 20 suku, dan 23 marga serta 379 individu. Marga makrozoobentos yang sering di jumpai yaitu Hydropsyche dan Suku makrozoobentos yang paling sering dijumpai  yaitu suku Heptageniidae.  Indeks keanekaragaman makrozoobentos tertinggi pada stasiun 1 (2,69), kemudian diikuti oleh stasiun 2 (2,31) dan terendah pada stasiun 3 (1,94).Kata kunci: Air terjun Tunan, Indeks Keanekaragaman, Makrozoobentos  ABUNDANCE  AND DIVERSITY OF MACROZOOBENTOS IN TUNAN WATERFALL RIVER, TALAWAAN, NORTH MINAHASA, NORTH SULAWESI ABSTRACTMacrozoobenthos are aquatic organisms that live at the bottom of the waters with relatively slow movements that are strongly influenced by the basic substrate and the quality of the waters. This study aims to analyze the diversity of macrozoobenthos in the Tunan waterfall river, Talawaan Village, North Minahasa, North Sulawesi. Sampling was carried out at three stations. Station 1 (Tunan Waterfall), Station 2 (tourist entrance), and Station 3 (Plantation). Macrozoobenthos samples were taken using purposive random sampling method. Taking macrozoobenthos samples at the bottom of the water using a surber net measuring 25 cm x 40 cm. The results showed that macrozoobenthos found in the Tunan waterfall river consist of 3 phylum, 3 classes, 10 ordo, 20 familia, and 23 genus and 379 individuals. Macrozoobenthic genus that are often encountered are Hydropsyche and the most common macrozoobenthic classis, the Heptageniidae classis. The highest macrozoobenthos diversity index at station 1 (2.69), followed by station 2 (2.31) and the lowest at station 3 (1.94). Keywords: Tunan Waterfall,  Diversity Index, Macrozoobentos

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan ada tidaknya perbedaan konsentrasi klorofil total pada daun tanaman puring yang tidak dinaungi dan dinaungi selama 14 hari. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali yaitu pada hari ke-0 (sebelum perlakuan) 7 dan 14. Daun yang diambil adalah daun yang merupakan tunas kedua termuda pada tiap tanaman dalam pot. Daun puring diekstraksi menggunakan alkohol 96% dan konsentrasi klorofil diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer. Data konsentrasi klorofil total yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisis sidik ragam pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor waktu menyebabkan perbedaan yang nyata pada konsentrasi klorofil total pada tanaman puring. Konsentrasi klorofil total daun pada hari ke-0 lebih rendah daripada hari ke-7 dan 14. Perlakuan naungan dan tanpa naungan tidak mempengaruhi konsentrasi klorofil total tetapi memberi corak warna pada daun puring.Kata kunci: tanaman puring, naungan, klorofil total THE CONCENTRATION OF LEAF CHLOROPHYLL IN CROTON PLANT (Codiaeum variegatum L.) UNDER SHADING TREATMENTABSTRACTThe study aimed to determine the differences in total chlorophyll concentration in croton leaves which were not shaded and shaded  for 14 days. The leaves taken are the second youngest shoots in each plant in the pot. Sampling was done three times on days 0, 7 and 14. Croton leaves exstracted using alcohol 96% and chlorophyll concentration was measured using a spectrophotometer. The obtained data of leaf total chlorophyll concentration analysed using ANOVA at 95% confidence level and tested further with a 5% Duncan test. The results showed that the factor of treatment period resulted in a significant difference in the leaf total chlorophyll concentration in croton plants. The leaf total chlorophyll concentration at day 0 was lower than at day 7 and 14. Shaded and not shaded treatment did not affect total chlorophyll concentration but give color shades to croton leaves.Keywords: Croton plant, shade, total chlorophyll

Capung merupakan komponen keanekaragaman hayati yang memiliki peran sebagai bioindikator pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies dan menganalisis keanekaragaman capung di Sungai Kali Desa Kali, Kabupaten Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan mengunakan metode purposive random sampiling. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tepi sungai kali  yang terletak pada tiga  tipe habitat yaitu di tepi sungai hutan sekunder, tepi sungai perkebunan dan tepi sungai permukiman. Masing-masing habitat dibuat tiga garis transek dengan panjang 300 Meter. Komposisi capung yang diperoleh terdiri dari 6 famili, 19 spesies dan 1.785 individu. Famili yang paling banyak ditemukan jumlah spesiesnya adalah Libellulidae. Spesies yang memiliki kelimpahan yang tertinggi Neurothemis ramburii dan Ortetrum pruinosum. Indeks kekayaan spesies di Sungai Desa Kali di kategorikan rendah, indeks keanekargaman di kategorikan sedang dan indeks kemerataan spesies tergolong dalam ketegori tinggiDragonfly is a biodiversity component that has a role as a bioindicator of environmental pollution. This study aims to identify species and analyze the diversity of dragonflies in Kali River Kali Village, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi. Sampling is done by using purposive random sampling method. This research was carried out on the river banks which are located in three habitat types, namely on the banks of secondary forest rivers, plantation banks, and residential riverbanks. Three transect lines were made on each habitat with a length of 300 meters. The dragonfly composition obtained consisted of 6 families, 19 species and 1,785 individuals. Most of the species are from family Libellulidae. Species with the highest abundance are Neurothemis ramburii and Ortetrum pruinosum. The species richness index in the Kali River River was categorized as low, the economic index was categorized as moderate, and the species evenness index was classified as high

Aims: This study aims to analyze the diversity of endemic flora of North Sulawesi Indonesia as a potential for sustainable ecotourism. Place and Duration of Study: This research was conducted in the Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (BNTP), Bitung, North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara), Indonesia from April until June 2022. Methodology: The data collection method is carried out using vegetation analysis where this method is a combination method between the path method and the banded line. The number of plot paths used in this study was 47 plots. The distance between the plot of the paths is 20 meters. Determination of the observation path plot is carried out by purposive sampling. Data obtained in the field were analyzed using the Shannon-Wienner species diversity index. Results: The study's results found 61 types of plants at the sapling level, 29 at the pole level and 47 at the tree level. The plants that dominate Batuputih Nature Tourism Park (BNTP) at the level of mature trees belong to the family Malvaceae, while the plants that dominate at the level of piles and piles belong to the families Rubiaceae and Anacardiaceae. The value of plant species diversity at each level is greater than 3. The diversity index value at the sapling level is 3.75, the pole level is 3.15, and the tree level with a value of 3.11. Conclusion: The diversity of flora species at the level of trees, pole and sapling in the Batuputih Nature Tourism Park area is included in the category of high abundance. This means that the diversity of flora species in the community is increasingly stable in the BNTP area. In this area, 2 (two) types of flora endemic to North Sulawesi are found as potential for sustainable ecotourism, namely the species of Homalium celebicum and Pterospermum celebicum. Both types of endemic plants have the potential to become icons or flagships of ecotourism in North Sulawesi.