The data demonstrate that NRA is reliable for susceptibility testing of isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most important drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis. In addition, the reduction in the time necessary to obtain susceptibility results is of fundamental importance.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease of global distribution, constituting a serious public health problem in Brazil. Sã o Paulo State, located in the south-east of Brazil, notified 16 580 new TB cases in 2013. The Instituto Adolfo Lutz is a public health reference laboratory for TB diagnosis for all the State. Considering that rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential for TB control, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of an in-house real-time (RT)-PCR assay targeting the mpt64 gene in the routine diagnosis of TB, and to compare this technique with smear microscopy and culture. From August 2012 to October 2013, 715 sputum samples from 657 patients were included in the study. Smear microscopy, culture, phenotypic and PRAhsp65 identification of mycobacteria, and mpt64 RT-PCR were performed. With respect to confirmed TB cases (n562/657; 9.4 %), smear microscopy had a sensitivity of 82.3 %. Culture and RT-PCR showed the same sensitivity, i.e. 90.3 %. Specificity was 99.7, 99.4 and 98.6 % for smear microscopy, culture and RT-PCR, respectively. mpt64 RT-PCR showed high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in sputum samples. This technique can be deployed in laboratories that do not have a rapid test for TB available, enabling the performance of TB diagnosis in up to 5 h.
Double-blind sputum smear microscopy readings using a panel containing 75 slides (36 negative, 4 inconclusive, and 35 positive) proved to be appropriate for characterizing proficiency in sputum smear microscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis when such proficiency is intended to reproduce laboratory routine.
Os objetivos deste estudo foram de avaliar a qualidade técnica de laboratórios públicos e conveniados ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) que fazem baciloscopia da tuberculose (TB) e de apresentar os dados do Controle de Qualidade Externo (CQE) realizado na rede de laboratórios de TB do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Neste contexto, foi realizado o estudo descritivo retrospectivo do CQE de 198 laboratórios supervisionados no biênio 2009-2010. A concordância entre os resultados das baciloscopias executadas nos laboratórios supervisionados e de supervisores foi de 99,4 %; e as porcentagens relativas de resultados falso-positivos e falsonegativos foram, respectivamente, de 1,9 % e 0,4 %. A comparação entre a qualidade dos esfregaços realizados por laboratórios públicos e conveniados mostrou que os públicos apresentaram qualidade superior (valor-p<0,05). Este estudo mostrou que 74,2 % dos laboratórios foram aprovados no CQE; e o desempenho dos laboratórios conveniados foi inferior ao dos públicos. Estes dados reforçam a importância de manter programa de CQE de baciloscopia e de capacitação dos profissionais, considerando-se ser este um exame diagnóstico muito utilizado e relevante no país.Palavras-chave. controle de qualidade, tuberculose pulmonar, microscopia.
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