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The mastomys rodent exhibits a genetic propensity to develop gastric carcinoid tumors. Utilizing acid inhibitory pharmacotherapy (histamine-2 receptor antagonists and proton pump inhibitors), we have demonstrated transformation from normal to neoplastic enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in a well-defined fashion over a period of 4 months. In addition, we have demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth with either somatostatin or histamine-1 receptor antagonists (terfenadine and cyproheptadine). In order to define the regulation of growth and secretion of transformed ECL cells, we developed an isolated pure ECL cell system. ECL cells secrete histamine in response to gastrinergic (gastrin), muscarinic (carbachol), and β-adrenergic (isoproterenol) stimulation. Both cAMP and intracellular calcium-dependent mechanisms are involved in the process of histamine secretion.

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Background: Target vessel revascularization on a beating heart via a mini subxiphoid incision, not only eliminates the hazards of sternal reentry, but also avoids the detrimental systemic effects of extracorporeal circulation. Aim: The goal of the study was t o develop and describe a safe and effective method t o revascularize the right coronary artery in reoperative cases, using beating heart and minimally invasive techniques in lieu of the RGEA. Mefhods:There were three men and four women with a mean age of 69 years; four were second time reoperations and three third time reoperations. Through a subxiphoid approach, a lower ministernotomy is performed. Once the coronary target is established, a Rultract retractor is used t o gently elevate the right half of the sternum t o take down the RITA. A mechanical stabilizer was used t o provide stabilization for distal anastamoses. Flow was measured in all the grafts with the Medi-Stim before and after protamine administration. Results: