Актуальність теми дослідження. Cycle є аеробним видом спорту, оскільки сприяє зміцненню серцево-судинної системи, розвитку м’язової системи, підвищує рівень загальної та спеціальної витривалості та дозволяє корегувати вагові показники. Незважаючи на вдосконалення сучасних фітнес-технологій і велику кількість розроблених фітнес-програм, більшість з них не засновані на глибокому розумінні функціональних механізмів тренування жінок репродуктивного вікового періоду, і не враховують проблем індивідуалізації з метою оптимізації її ефективності. Мета й методи дослідження. Мета роботи полягає в розробці методики занять Cycle та визначенні ефективності їх впливу на показники фізичного стану жінок молодого віку. Контингент дослідження складали жінки молодого віку, які займалися у Херсонському фітнес-клубі «Hammer». Були застосовані такі методи дослідження: методи педагогічного тестування для оцінки рівня фізичної підготовленості, медико-біологічні методи для оцінки функціонального стану серцево-судинної та дихальної систем; педагогічний експеримент, спрямований на впровадження методики використання тренувальних занять Cycle для покращення показників функціональної та фізичної підготовленості жінок молодого віку, методи математичної статистики. Результати роботи та ключові висновки. За рахунок використання занять Cycle за всіма тестами відбулись позитивні зрушення від 11,3 до 39,6 %. Встановлено, що розходження між вихідними та кінцевими результатами за чотирма досліджуваними тестовими завданнями виявилися достовірними (два з фізичної підготовленості – рівномірний біг на 2000 м, згинання та розгинання рук в упорі лежачи, та два з функціонального стану – Індекс проби Руф’є, Індекс гарвардського степ-тесту) (р < 0,05, р < 0,01). Це підтверджує думку про цілеспрямований вплив фітнес-тренувань з використанням спеціалізованого обладнання Cycle на механізми функціональної адаптації до тривалих фізичних навантажень.
The aim is to study the peculiarities of technical and tactical actions of volleyball players of various playing roles of the VK "Murov" team. Material and Methods: The study involved 14 players of various playing roles, playing in the women's volleyball team "Murov" (Azerbaijan). All volleyball players have a high level of fitness and have participated in competitions of various levels. The age range of female volleyball players ranges from 18 years old (libero) to 28 years old (binder). The most experienced in the team are the tie players (26 years old) and the least the libero (19 years old). Study duration: December 2019 February 2020. In the course of the study, the following methods were used: analysis of video recordings of the games of the women's volleyball team "Murov", which were recorded during the Azerbaijan championship competitions of the 2019-2020 season; methods for assessing technical and tactical actions during competitive activity; methods of mathematical statistics. Results. It has been experimentally proved that the level of technical and tactical readiness of high-class volleyball players significantly differs depending on the playing role. The largest number of attacking strikes falls on the diagonal players (20-25 strikes per game), and the efficiency of their execution is better for the central blockers (60-75%). Identical data were obtained when comparing the quantity and quality of blocking actions. The center blockers make 17 blocks on average, and the diagonal ones make 15 blocks. A significant advantage in receiving the ball is observed in the libero (from 37 to 40 receptions per game). The effectiveness and number of feeds depends on the complexity of their implementation. The largest total number of TTDs (about 78 actions) and the number of transfers from above (about 50 transfers) falls on the main conductor of the team of the connecting player. Conclusions: the role of universal training of female volleyball players is more and more important, and the determination of the features of competitive activity and the development of the necessary arsenal of technical and tactical actions of players of all playing roles is the leading direction in modern volleyball. However, the question of improving the training system in volleyball and the problem of early selection of female volleyball players, as well as the universalization of their TTD to perform the most useful functions during the game, remains unresolved. All the above is a prospect for further research.
Current physical and technical preparation of young squash players and their coordination were evaluated during formative experiment. Experimental study was carried out from September 2016 to May 2017. Twelve squash players of 9–11 years old (4 young squash players of 9 years old, 10 years old and 11 years old, respectively) participated in the studies, which were conducted on the basis of Fitness club «Sport-Life» in Kherson. All squash players belonged to the main medical group. For the purpose of qualitative organization of experimental research, we chose a method of analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological data, special and informative sources, methods of monitoring the organization of training process, methods of pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics (calculated methods of average and false values, percent values, and method of correlation analysis). Results of the previous research on preparation of young athletes, conducted by us at the beginning of preparatory period, allowed indicating characteristic indices for the majority of young athletes that were below middle level. The number of athletes with the middle level of physical and technical preparation increased considerably after the formative experiment. Due to the obtained data it was possible to state high efficiency in elaborated by us program for training session at the stage of initial preparation of young squash players. The analysis made does not cover all aspects of solving the problem in question. Further study presupposes the investigation of the influence of squash training on various indicators of the physical condition of squash players, the analysis of the indicators of training and competitive activity of squash players, in the context of revealing their leading and indifferent physical qualities.
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