No abstract

Актуальність теми дослідження. Cycle є аеробним видом спорту, оскільки сприяє зміцненню серцево-судинної системи, розвитку м’язової системи, підвищує рівень загальної та спеціальної витривалості та дозволяє корегувати вагові показники. Незважаючи на вдосконалення сучасних фітнес-технологій і велику кількість розроблених фітнес-програм, більшість з них не засновані на глибокому розумінні функціональних механізмів тренування жінок репродуктивного вікового періоду, і не враховують проблем індивідуалізації з метою оптимізації її ефективності. Мета й методи дослідження. Мета роботи полягає в розробці методики занять Cycle та визначенні ефективності їх впливу на показники фізичного стану жінок молодого віку. Контингент дослідження складали жінки молодого віку, які займалися у Херсонському фітнес-клубі «Hammer». Були застосовані такі методи дослідження: методи педагогічного тестування для оцінки рівня фізичної підготовленості, медико-біологічні методи для оцінки функціонального стану серцево-судинної та дихальної систем; педагогічний експеримент, спрямований на впровадження методики використання тренувальних занять Cycle для покращення показників функціональної та фізичної підготовленості жінок молодого віку, методи математичної статистики. Результати роботи та ключові висновки. За рахунок використання занять Cycle за всіма тестами відбулись позитивні зрушення від 11,3 до 39,6 %. Встановлено, що розходження між вихідними та кінцевими результатами за чотирма досліджуваними тестовими завданнями виявилися достовірними (два з фізичної підготовленості – рівномірний біг на 2000 м, згинання та розгинання рук в упорі лежачи, та два з функціонального стану – Індекс проби Руф’є, Індекс гарвардського степ-тесту) (р < 0,05, р < 0,01). Це підтверджує думку про цілеспрямований вплив фітнес-тренувань з використанням спеціалізованого обладнання Cycle на механізми функціональної адаптації до тривалих фізичних навантажень.

Physical training of athletes, along with improving the technique of competitive exercises, the ability to correctly calculate the strength of the distance and show a certain result, is one of the most important components of the training process. Insufficient level of physical fitness of athletes, namely speed and strength training, prevents the effective overcoming of both parts of the distance and it as a whole, which does not allow to effectively realize their potential in competitive activities. The article analyzes the effectiveness of the use of auxiliary equipment in speed and strength training of athletes aged 14-15 years in the amount of 20 people. All athletes had the same level of training at the beginning of the study and trained with one coach. Accordingly, the number of training sessions and the conditions for their conduct were the same for all subjects. The following ancillary equipment was used during the study: rubber band, various steps, weights of different weights. Changes in the speed and strength training of athletes were studied. To comprehensively assess the impact of the use of ancillary equipment, tests were selected to assess the level of development of speed and strength qualities of athletes of different muscle groups. The following exercises were used: long jump from a place, jump up from a place, run for 30 meters from a high start, throw of a stuffed ball with two hands from behind a head on distance standing. It is proved that the results of the test of throwing a stuffed ball with two hands from behind the head at a standing distance of 41% increased the most significantly. The performance of the 30m run improved by 17.5%. According to the jump test, the results improved by 13.9%. This is due to the fact that in addition to the use of ancillary equipment, athletes during the preparatory part of the lesson and at the end of the main part actively use general preparatory exercises with jumping up.The lowest growth rate of results was established by the results of the long jump test - 2.9%. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the use of auxiliary equipment in the training process of athletes. However, the development of new methodological approaches to the development of other leading motor skills of athletes remains unresolved, which emphasizes the prospects for further research.

The article examines the changes in the indicators of physical fitness of women of the first mature age under the influence of fitness classes of the Kherson fitness center "Dominant". Fitness training included aerobic training, strength training (for all major muscle groups) and independent training. It is proved that the systematic use of training fitness programs allowed to determine the positive dynamics in the development of physical qualities of women of the first mature age. Significant changes were found in all indicators: the level of manifestation of speed and strength abilities during the long jump improved by 6.2%, the manifestation of strength abilities on the test "Bending and unbending the arms while lying down" changed by 21.7% , and according to the test "Lifting the torso to the side" - by 11.5%, the results of the development of flexibility changed by 12.1%, and the level of general endurance on the test exercise "Uniform running 1000 m" improved by 7.9%. The obtained results testify to the effectiveness of the proposed method of fitness classes in the indicators of physical fitness of women of the first mature age and can be used in the practice of fitness trainers and fitness instructors. In recent years, various types of health fitness are gaining popularity, maintaining the optimal level of physical condition, vital functions and reducing the risk of developing specific diseases of the cardiovascular, immune, respiratory, endocrine and other body systems. The modern system of physical education raises certain contradictions regarding the capabilities, orientation and determination of the propensity of people of different ages to engage in various types of physical culture and health activities. Taking into account the needs of different groups of the population determines the interest and desire of women of the first mature age to engage in specific types of physical activity, including fitness.

The goal was to study the psycho-emotional sphere and substantiate the methodology of mental training for shooters. Material and methods: the study involved 12 rifle and pistol shooters of the Kherson Higher School of Physical Education. Among them are athletes with qualifications of the second, first categories, candidates for Master of Sports and Master of Sports of Ukraine. The study continued during 2018-2019. In the course of the research, the method of mental training of shooters was introduced. The results proved that the means of mental training had a positive effect on the state of the nervous system of shooters. Sensory motor responses were superior in less experienced athletes. So, for shooters of the CCM level and below, the results are better than those of the masters of sports: 1) according to the tapping test for 0.75 ms, 2) according to the reaction to a light stimulus for 12.5 ms, c) according to the reaction to a sound stimulus to 55 5 ms. The degree of training according to the Schulte table was high among all shooters, but slightly higher among the masters of sports (by 0.05). A rather high indicator of emotional excitability was found in shooters of masters of sports. Among the representatives of this group were persons with different types of temperament. Basically, the sanguine type prevailed, based on a strong, balanced, mobile type of the nervous system. For the representatives of the second group, which included candidates for masters of sports and first-class athletes, this indicator was at an average level. In our opinion, this is due to the fact that the representatives of this group had persons with a predominantly phlegmatic type of temperament. Conclusions: mental training had a positive effect on the level of mental processes and emotional sphere of shooters. On the basis of the data obtained on the mental sphere of shooters, it was established that these indicators were at high and sufficient levels.