Knowing the dimensions of the vertebral elements is very important for the development of instrumentation related to cervical spine. Ethnic variations have been reported in these dimensions. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the metrical details of first and second cervical vertebrae to correct the instability of atlantoaxial joint, and to analyze the morphological features to understand the ergonomics of the craniovertebral joints. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy S. M. S. Medical college jaipur. Total 150 (75 atlas and 75 axis) cervical vertebrae were evaluated. All the measurements were taken in bilateral manner using Digital Vernier Calipers with .01 precision. Calculated mean value for width of atlas in our study was 69.03 mm. In present study the observed mean value for anterioposterior diameter of vertebral canal of atlas was 25.52 mm. and transverse diameter was observed as 21.98 mm. Mean value for height of anterior arch of atlas was 7.42 mm and for posterior arch height was calculated 5.3 mm. The mean value of Anterioposterior diameter of Rt. and Lt. Superior articular facet was calculated 17.99 and18.29 mm and transverse diameter was observed as 7.81±1.28 and 8.33±1.54 mm. In our present study anterioposterior diameter of inferior articular facet of atlas was calculated as 13.35±1.50mm and 13.38±1.65 respectively for right and left side and transverse diameter was observed as 6.86±1.32 mm and 6.92±1.44 mm for right and left side. Calculated mean value for width of dens was observed 6.64±0.992mm and mean value of dens length was 12.95 mm. Calculated mean value for A-P diameter of vertebral canal was observed 16.48±1.12 mm and transverse diameter of vertebral canal was calculated as 19.81±1.18 mm. Calculated A-P diameter of Rt. Superior articular facet of axis was 14.65±1.44 mm and for Lt. It was calculated 14.65±1.44 mm and transverse diameter was calculated as 13.38 ±1.65. For inferior articular facet mean value of anterioposterior diameter were observed as 13.35±1.50 and 13.38 ±1.65 mm for right and left side respectively and transverse diameter was evaluated as 6.86 and 6.92 mm for right and left side. Morphometric data's can provide more accurate measurements of anatomical elements of cervical spine that could facilitate diagnosis and preoperative planning and will allow for more accurate modeling of this region.

Growth of whole body is an integrated & composite process. Pregnancy is one of the most critical and unique period in a women's life. The aim of present study is to determine the factors which are associated with size and proper maturity at birth in a chart if term infants to investigate their growth & development and find out the relationship between the infants anthropometric parameters and maternal parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: present study was conducted on 200 newborns, out of which 100 were of normal birth weight and 100 were of low birth weight. Measured parameters of infants were Head and Chest circumference, Birth weight, Head length ratio, Ponderal Index, and Gestational age. Maternal parameters were age of mother, number of antenatal visits, weight gain from 20 weeks to late pregnancy, haemoglobin and height of mother. Results: observation shows that except age of mother, height of mother and head length ratio all parameters are significantly related.

Introduction- The Haller index is a thoracic breadth to height ratio. This was previously only at one unknown vertebral level in the thorax. Method- A total of 108 patients were enrolled. Measurements were taken in the axial plane picture at each vertebral level, beginning with T3 and ending with T12. The internal radiographic transverse and minimum anteroposterior diameters were measured using a CT machine and a GE PACS. Both diameters are measured so that they cross each other at a straight angle. Result: - 108 HRCT pictures were evaluated in total. The research included 73 males and 35 females. Patients range in age from 20 to 45 years. The male group's mean age was 38.89 years, with a standard deviation of ±6.11 years. The female group's mean age was 38.83 years, with a standard deviation of ±8.47 years. The overall mean (male + female) Haller index was 2.46 with a standard deviation of ±0.62. Males had a mean Haller index of 2.42 with a standard deviation of ±0.58. Females had to have a mean Haller index of 2.55 with a standard deviation of ±0.66.

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ABSTRACT:The present study was undertaken to observe the midline nasal ergonomics of (Meena & Jat) above 18 years of age. Study was conducted on the subjects from two ethnic's community of Rajasthan. A random sample of people above 18 years of age was chosen for examination. Following parameters were used with the help of coordinate calipers -nasal width, nasal length, nasal height and nasal depth. Nasal index and nasal elevation index of each community were calculated. The present study reveals characteristics ethnic marker of each community and bring forth some striking features. Nasal index, and nasal elevation index both were having significant relationship (P<0.001). Relationship showed a more deviated nose in Jat males than Meena males. Jat males have a significance protruded longer and more elevated nose than Meena counterpart. The widths of nose were similar and there is a greater degree of deviation of nasal bridge to right side in Jat males.