Context: Periodontitis and diabetes are universally prevalent diseases which are interlinked with each other. Inflammatory products released both by the microorganisms, and the host plays a pivotal role in causing both the diseases. Pentraxins are acute-phase proteins which are often found to be elevated in inflammatory states. Anti-inflammatory agents have a very important role to play in curbing infection of which, aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids (O3FAs) are being administered often nowadays. Nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) remains the gold standard of treatment, and other agents have been used as adjuvants only, to increase the efficacy of treatment. Aims: This study compares the effects of low-dose aspirin versus O3FAs when used as adjuvants to NSPT in patients with diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Settings and Design: A total of 42 patients (mean age of 30–65 years) from a diabetic center who were diagnosed with Type II diabetes and chronic periodontitis were included in the study. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the department of periodontics of a tertiary referral care hospital in Hyderabad, in collaboration with a reputed diabetic center. Statistical Analysis Used: Intragroup comparison was done using the paired t -test for continuous data and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for score data. Intergroup comparison was compiled using independent t -test. All P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Intragroup comparison at baseline and 3 months after NSPT showed statistically significant results ( P < 0.001) in all the three groups pertaining to the clinical (gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level) and biochemical (glycosylated hemoglobin and pentraxin) parameters. However, the intergroup comparison showed a significant improvement in Group II related to pentraxin levels only ( P < 0.001). Conclusions: O3FAs proved to be better than low-dose aspirin and placebo after NSPT.

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Context:Both gingivitis and periodontitis are due to the detrimental effects of the microbe-laden biofilm. The mainstay of periodontal treatment is, therefore, the disruption of this biofilm by scaling and root planing (SRP). Other treatment protocols such as systemic antimicrobials have been administered as adjuvants after scaling and root planning. However, due to antimicrobial resistance, as well as a shift of the flora from a symbiotic to a dysbiotic one, this mode of treatment has its shortcomings. Thus, local drug delivery has gained prominence as a therapeutic tool.Aims:The aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of subgingivally delivered probiotics as a monotherapy, in combination with tetracycline fibers, and tetracycline fibers alone after SRP.Settings and Design:This study was a parallel arm, randomized clinical and microbiological study. Thirty patients with chronic periodontitis aged between 20 and 50 years were selected from the outpatient ward of a tertiary referral care hospital in Hyderabad and equally divided into three groups.Materials and Methods:This study was conducted from January 2017 to February 2017 and ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethical committee.Statistical Analysis Used:Mean values and standard deviations were calculated for Plaque Index, Sulcular Bleeding Index (SBI), probing depth (PD), and microbial colony-forming units, for all the three groups at different time intervals. Paired “t-test” was used for intragroup comparison and Student's “t-test” for intergroup comparison. Results were regarded as statistically significant when P < 0.05.Results:Intragroup comparison yielded significant improvement in all the variables (P < 0.0001). However, intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences pertaining to the PD (P < 0.001) and SBI only (P < 0.001), between Group A and Group B and Group B and Group C respectively.Conclusions:Group A and Group C showed better results than Group B.

IntroductionGingival overgrowth is usually an inflammatory response to plaque present on tooth surfaces. The other causes could be drugs and other systemic conditions. When the local factors are responsible and subgingival scaling does not help, gingivectomy is performed. The gingivectomy wound is raw and heals slowly. Lowlevel laser therapy (LLLT), hyaluronic acid, and herbal gels aid in healing after a gingivectomy. This study compared the efficacy of LLLT, hyaluronic acid, and herbal gel when used topically after a gingivectomy. This was a single-arm, interventional trial wherein 30 patients aged between 18 and 40 years with moderate gingival overgrowth participated. The study was approved by the institutional ethical committee. (DN/0109-16). The participants signed the consent form and the study was also registered (NCT03569683). Materials and methodsThe samples were equally divided into three groups. Group A received LLLT immediately postop, and on the first, third, and seventh days after surgery. Group B received hyaluronic acid (Gengigel) while Group C received an herbal gel (Hiora SG) for the same time periods after surgery, respectively. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by a post-hoc Bonferroni test was used to evaluate differences within groups. Intergroup comparison was performed using the independent t-test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. ResultsThe plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival enlargement index (GEI) showed good improvement postoperatively within the groups, which was statistically significant. However, on an intergroup comparison, the GEI pertaining only to the laser group showed significant changes. Also, the pain perception analyzed by the visual analog score (VAS) was the least, and histologically, the amount of mature collagen fibers laid down were more in the laser group. ConclusionPatients irradiated with laser after gingivectomy (Group A) showed superior results in the clinical, histological variables as compared to Groups B and C.

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