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A novel thionation protocol for carbonyl compounds, with the system PSCl3/H2O/Et3N has been discovered. Clean, rapid, and efficient synthesis of a variety of thiocarbonyl compounds such as thioamides, thiolactams, thioketones, thioxanthones, and thioacridone can be achieved through this simple and convenient method under solventless condition with microwave irradiation.

Suspension copolymerization of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB) was carried out using benzoyl peroxide as initiator and magnesium hydroxide as suspending agent in water at 80°C under nitrogen atmosphere to produce styrene-DVB copolymer beads. These beads were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. Porosity generated in styrene-DVB copolymer beads by incorporation of solvents in the polymerization system was confirmed by SEM micrograph, apparent density, swelling measurements, and Brunauer, Emmett, Teller surface area.

The suspension copolymerization of styrene with various vinyl crosslinking monomers, that is, dimethacrylates and divinylbenzene, was carried out with poly (vinyl alcohol) as the suspending agent. The effect of the crosslinking monomers on the characteristics of the styrene copolymers was also studied, and the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers were found to be the most thermally stable. Inert diluents were added during styrene and divinylbenzene copolymerization to achieve porous, crosslinked polystyrene. Furthermore, the influence of the diluents on the formation of porous styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers was investigated by surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, apparent density, swelling percentage, and compressive strength measurements and the surface morphology. It was observed that among the inert diluents studied, cyclohexanol was the most effective diluent, leading to the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads with maximum porosity. A surface morphology study of the polystyrene copolymer beads supported the porosity in these copolymers.

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