Inclusive education represents the way forward to achieving high quality education systems, which are fair and equitable. This paper analyzes the barriers to learning and the current participation of schools in the promotion of inclusion from the perspective of future teaching professionals, specifically, 86 students from three Masters Courses in the Faculty of Education of the University of Murcia. A questionnaire was utilized in order to ascertain their perceptions of the limitations and obstacles present within the school context, the attitudes, the availability of resources and the adequacy of the educational response offered by the educational centres in which they had carried out their teacher training placements, with the aim of improving the future training of other students. A non-experimental narrative method was used. The results show many barriers and obstacles in the educational centres such as a lack of teacher training, which is needed to respond to the needs of all the students, the consideration that the diversity of the students is a problem, physical barriers, underuse of existing resources, as well as an educational response lacking in organizational and didactic strategies which does not take responsibility for a just and inclusive curriculum for all students.
Resumen: El derecho de toda persona a recibir una educación de calidad, equitativa e inclusiva plantea a los centros educativos y a las comunidades de referencia, la necesidad de implicarse en continuos procesos de reflexión-acción colaborativos para mejorar y alcanzar dichas metas. En este trabajo presentamos un proyecto de investigación desarrollado en la Región de Murcia en los últimos años (2012/2016) dirigido a promover procesos educativos inclusivos en la enseñanza obligatoria. El objetivo general del artículo es exponer los resultados del citado proyecto y, paralelamente, dar a conocer las potencialidades que ofrece la creación de una red de apoyo y de colaboración entre centros educativos localizados en un entorno geográfico próximo. Partiendo de este propósito, describimos y analizamos el trabajo llevado a cabo en esta alianza con la finalidad de favorecer el cambio y el desarrollo de planes para la mejora de la inclusión. Desde una metodología de investigación-acción participativa, cuatro escuelas de Educación Infantil y Primaria y un instituto de Educación Secundaria (130 docentes) se constituyeron en una red. La puesta en marcha de las diferentes fases (análisis de la realidad, identificación de los procesos que favorecen la inclusión y la exclusión del alumnado, diseño y desarrollo de planes de mejora, y evaluación) ha posibilitado mejoras significativas en cada uno de los centros. Las conclusiones ponen de manifiesto las ventajas que, desde el punto de vista de la educación inclusiva, se derivan del trabajo en red Abstract:Every person has the right to receive an inclusive, equitable and quality education, this, therefore, establishes the need for schools and their catchment area communities to engage in continuous and collaborative reflection-action processes in order to improve and achieve these goals. In this work we present a research project developed in the Region of Murcia over the last few years (2012-2016) aimed at promoting inclusive educational processes in compulsory education. The overall aim of the article is to present the results of the aforementioned project and, at the same time, demonstrate the potential offered by the creation of support and collaboration networks between educational centers located in the same geographic area. With this purpose in mind, we describe and analyze the work carried out by these partnerships with the goal of changing and developing their inclusion improvement plans. Using participatory action research (PAR) methodology, four Infant and Primary schools and one Secondary school (130 teachers) formed a network. The implementation of the different stages (analysis of the existing situation, identification of the processes that influence the inclusion and exclusion of students, the design and development of improvement plans and evaluation) has enabled significant improvements in each of the centers. From the perspective of inclusive education the conclusions highlight the advantages that derive from networking.
El colectivo docente de Educación Infantil representa una pieza clave para promover una educación inclusiva y conocer cuáles son las competencias que debe adquirir en su formación inicial. El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el proceso de diseño y validación de un cuestionario dirigido a conocer las competencias que deben estar presentes en la titulación de Educación Infantil de la Universidad del Bosque (Bogotá, Colombia). La muestra ha sido de 158 participantes: 7 jueces, 92 estudiantes, 35 egresados y 24 empleadores. El instrumento elaborado cuenta con 53 ítems distribuidos en cuatro dimensiones -competencias científicas, sociales, metodológicas, y personales. El procedimiento empleado ha seguido las siguientes fases: 1) revisión del estado del arte y elaboración inicial del cuestionario; 2) validación de contenido utilizando la técnica de juicio de expertos e introducción de los cambios pertinentes; 3) aplicación del instrumento; y 4) análisis de la confiabilidad estadística. Los resultados indican que el cuestionario CEINCLUSIVA es un instrumento válido y fiable al contar con un alfa de Cronbach para la totalidad de los ítems de .964. Estos buenos resultados se repiten en cada una de las dimensiones del instrumento elaborado. Asimismo, destaca el acuerdo de los jueces con relación a la pertinencia, relevancia, claridad y exclusividad de los ítems propuestos. The teaching community in Early Childhood Education represents a key element to promote an inclusive education and to identify what competences must be acquired in their initial training. The objective of this paper is to show the design and validation process of a questionnaire aimed at learning the competences which must be present in the degree in Early Childhood Education at the University of El Bosque (Bogotá, Colombia). There has been a sample of 158 participants: 7 judges, 92 students, 35 graduates and 24 employers. The instrument elaborated is made up of 53 items distributed in four dimensions – scientific, social, methodological and personal competences. The procedure has complied with the following phases: 1) revision of the state of art and initial elaboration of the questionnaire; 2) content validity through the expert judgement technique and introduction of the necessary changes; 3) instrument implementation; 4) analysis of the statistical reliability. The results show that the CEINCLUSIVA questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument with a Cronbach’s alpha of .964. for all items. These positive results recur in every dimension of the instrument elaborated. Likewise, the judges’ agreement relating to the pertinence, relevance, clarity and exclusivity of the proposed items stands out.
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