This article critically examines the Conservative government's approach to official languages, through a policy instrument framework. Special attention is paid to the third federal roadmap for official languages—the first having been unveiled by the Liberal government in 2003 and the second by the Conservative minority government in 2008—and how this roadmap conveys a new representation of official languages in relation to Canadian identity and citizenship. The focus on the linguistic integration of new immigrants in the 2013 language roadmap generates interest. The policy instrument framework also shows how language roadmaps represent the fourth generation of official language policies in Canada; the first three generations found their respective bases in the 1969 Official Languages Act, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the 1988 Official Languages Act. The article concludes that an analysis of language roadmaps elucidates transformations initiated by the Conservative governments in the area of official languages in Canada. It also promotes further exploration and analysis of language policies through the policy instrument framework.
This paper addresses one particular feature of Canada's accommodation of diversity—the existence of French-language communities outside of Quebec and New Brunswick—to show how there continues to be conceptual difficulties in reconciling Canada's many diversities. More specifically, we are concerned with conceptual ambiguities associated with the place of these minority communities in Canada's constitutive political sociology, and difficulties in promoting a coherent set of policies for their flourishing. Moreover, this paper will not simply rehash arguments about their formal and conceptual status. We are interested in illuminating a recent initiative that seeks to direct immigrants to these communities in the hope of maintaining their overall percentage of the Canadian population. This is a development that has received little attention to date from the perspective of the scholarship of multiculturalism and minority rights, and political theory more generally. We argue that the strategy to target Francophone minority communities as 'sites' of integration represents a false promise for both these communities and immigrants. This article will show that the federal framework of 'multiculturalism within a bilingual framework' obscures the realities confronting Francophone minority communities and thus their capacity to integrate newcomers, on both empirical and normative grounds. Cet article porte sur un cas particulier de l'accommodement canadien de la diversité - l'existence de communautés francophones en dehors du Québec et du Nouveau-Brunswick - pour montrer comment des difficultés conceptuelles à réconcilier les multiples aspects de cette diversité sont encore présentes. Plus précisément, ce qui nous concerne, ce sont les ambiguïtés de la sociologie politique constitutive du Canada envers la place donnée à ces communautés minoritaires et les difficultés promouvoir un ensemble cohérent de politiques en faveur de leur épanouissement. De plus, il ne s'agit pas ici de simplement répéter les arguments sur leur statut formel et conceptuel. Ce qui nous intéresse, c'est d'éclairer une initiative récente qui tente de diriger des immigrants vers elles dans l'espoir de maintenir leur pourcentage général de la population canadienne. Ce développement a reçu peu d'attention du point de vue de la recherche sur le multiculturalisme et les droits des minorités, ainsi que sur la théorie politique en général. Nous soutenons que la stratégie de viser les minorités francophones comme «lieux» d'intégration représente une fausse promesse, aussi bien pour ces communautés que pour les immigrants. Nous montrons dans cet article que les modalités fédérales du «multiculturalisme dans un cadre bilingue» cachent les réalités auxquelles elles sont confrontées et, donc, leur capacité à intégrer les nouveaux-venus, aussi bien pour des raisons empiriques que normatives.
On 11 June 2010, ten leading scholars came together at the invitation of the Canadian Institute for Research on Linguistic Minorities to discuss the autonomy and recognition of Canada’s official language minority communities. In this article, I examine the implications of this workshop for Francophone minority community institutions by emphasizing and contextualizing main ideas and expanding on key proposals. First, I map out and explain how the implementation of horizontal management has increasingly curtailed community autonomy. Next, I catalog and discuss participants’ proposals for fostering greater autonomy for Francophone minority communities. Last, I sketch the potential and limitations of horizontal management.Le 11 juin 2010, l’Institut canadien de recherche sur les minorités linguistiques conviait dix chercheurs de renom pour discuter d’autonomie et de reconnaissance des communautés de langue officielle en situation minoritaire au Canada. Je me propose ici de réfléchir aux enseignements à tirer de cet atelier, en particulier en ce qui a trait à la gouvernance des minorités francophones hors Québec. Plus concrètement, j’expose d’abord les incidences de la gestion horizontale sur l’autonomie des minorités francophones. Ensuite, je m’intéresse aux diverses propositions d’autonomisation mises de l’avant par les intervenants. Au final, j’esquisse les promesses et limites de la gouvernance horizontale
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