In an analysis of a large cohort of subjects with IBD, we found a significant association between symptoms of depression or anxiety and clinical recurrence. Patients with IBD should therefore be screened for clinically relevant levels of depression and anxiety and referred to psychologists or psychiatrists for further evaluation and treatment.

Background: Endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) by the Full Thickness Resection Device (FTRD) has recently been introduced as a method to allow resection of certain lesions such as adenomatous polyps that would not be resectable by standard polypectomy techniques. We report our clinical experience with FTRD procedures, assessing technical success, completeness of resection (R0 status), rate of histologically proven FTR and safety. Patients and methods:We conducted a retrospective analysis of 33 consecutive patients with colonic polyps treated with FTRD from May 2015 to November 2016. Results: Indications mainly were adenoma recurrence or residual adenoma with nonlifting sign after previous polypectomy. In the 31 cases amenable to EFTR, resection was en bloc and histologically complete (R0) in 87.9% (29/33) of patients. Histologically confirmed complete full thickness resection (FTR) was achieved in 80.6% (25/31). Three post-procedure bleedings and one perforation were seen. Conclusion: FTRD offers an additional endoscopic approach to treat nonlifting colorectal lesions. EFTR by FTRD appears to be feasible and efficacious in the resection of benign neoplasms of up to 30 mm in diameter and may be an alternative to surgery in selected patients. Given a significant rate of complications, safety is a concern and needs to be assessed in larger prospective studies.

Hemospray (Cook Medical, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) is a hemostatic agent recently introduced for the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). To date, there is little experience with this fairly new hemostatic tool. The aim of this case series was to reflect the use and effectiveness of Hemospray as a treatment option in GIB in everyday clinical practice at two tertiary referral centers. Consecutive patients (n = 16) with active GIB of various origins were treated with Hemospray. Abstract:Hemospray (Cook Medical, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA) is a hemostatic agent recently introduced for the management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). To date, small experience exists with this fairly new hemostatic tool. The aim of this case series was to reflect the use and effectiveness of Hemospray as treatment option in GIB in all-day clinical practise. Sixteen consecutive patients with active GIB of various origins were treated with Hemospray. The rate of successful initial hemostasis was 93.75% (as salvage therapy success rate 92.85%; as monotherapy success rate 100%). The rebleeding rate within 7 days was 12.5%.Only one patient failed also interventional radiology and had to undergo surgery as salvage therapy.Effectiveness of Hemospray in the management of GIB in various clinical situations is promising. Future multicenter randomized prospective trials for clearly defined bleeding situations are needed to increase the generalizability of case series.

OTSC is a useful tool for endoscopic closure of various GI lesions, including fistulae and leakages. Future randomized prospective multicenter trials are warranted.

In order to establish the leptospira carrier rate of small animals in an urban environment, small rodents and shrews were captured in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. Kidney specimens of 190 animals were examined using a leptospira specific PCR assay. Leptospiral DNA was amplified in kidneys of 12.6% of the animals.