This study explored the intersection and meaning of homelessness, masculinity, and social class among 15 men who are homeless. Using Consensual Qualitative Research Methodology (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997), three major domains arose from the data: The Homeless Experience, Perceptions of Men and Masculinity, and Changing Social Status. Participants described (a) gaining empathy for the homeless after they became homeless; (b) economic, personal, and substance use and abuse as barriers to moving out of homelessness; (c) retaining their sense of masculinity regardless of being homeless; and (d) aspirations for a better, nonhomeless future. Men also discussed the importance of mental health and substance abuse services. Implications for psychologists and future research are discussed.

Men who are homeless experience pervasive psychological stressors that diminish their capacity to cope and navigate life problems. Yet some of these men possess skills, self-perceptions, and attitudes that allow them to survive. This study examined the contribution of gender role conflict, attitudes toward seeking professional help, psychological distress, and problem-solving appraisal among 126 men who are homeless. The results suggest that participants who reported higher gender role conflict scores, especially around restricting emotions, also reported negative appraisals of their skills, attitudes, and confidence to solve problems. In addition, these same men reported higher levels of psychological distress and negative attitudes toward seeking professional counseling. Research and clinical implications are presented.

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