Bladder calculi associated or not with early crystalluria or salt deposits can be a common finding after reconstructive bladder surgery. The objective of this study was to characterize calculi and urine of domestic rabbits treated with mesenchymal adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) after partial urinary bladder allotransplantation. Twenty-four New Zealand White rabbits were submitted to surgery and treated postoperatively with cyclosporine or ADSCs for immunosuppression. There were no signs of graft rejection in either treatment group 30 days after surgery. Fewer animals presented bladder calculi in the ADSC treated group (33.3%) compared to the cyclosporine treated group (58.3%). Calcium was the predominant component of calculi in both groups. Urinalysis revealed no haematuria or bacteriuria in the ADSC group, in contrast to the results obtained for the cyclosporine group. ADSCs may be an attractive alternative to cyclosporine for immunosuppression after bladder allotransplantation. Key words: Bladder. Surgery. MSC. Urolithiasis. ResumoA litíase vesical pode ser um achado comum quando se faz a reconstrução da bexiga, condição que pode estar associada a alterações precoces como cristalúria e presença de depósito de sais. O objetivo deste artigo é caracterizar os cálculos e a urinálise de coelhos domésticos submetidos a alotransplante de vesícula urinária e tratados com células-tronco alogênicas derivadas do tecido adiposo (ADSCs). Foram utilizados 25 coelhos Nova Zelândia Branco, os quais foram submetidos a alotransplante parcial de bexiga e tratados com ciclosporina (GCi) ou células-tronco mesenquimais (GCe) como agentes imunossupressores. Houve menor número de animais com cálculo vesical no grupo tratado com ADSCs (33.3%), sendo cálcio o mineral mais frequentemente observado; na urinálise, os animais tratados com ADSCs não demonstraram hematúria e/ou bacteriúria. As ADSCs podem ser uma alternativa à ciclosporina para imunossupressão após alotransplante de bexiga. Palavras-chave: Bexiga. Cirurgia. CTM. Urolitíase.
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