-This study has tested the validity and reliability of the Portuguese version of the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), a diagnostic assessment instrument for delirium developed by Inouye et al. (1990). The sample was formed by 100 patients with 60 and more years of age, admitted at the emergency service of Santa Casa de São Paulo, in the time periods between July and August, 1996, November and December, 1996 and February and March, 1997. The sensibility was 94.1% and specificity 96.4%. The assessors reliability in a sample of the 24 patients resulted in a kappa = 0.70. We have concluded that CAM is an adequate instrument to assess the presence of delirium, reliable to assess elderly patients at the emergency services.KEY WORDS: delirium ,elderly, emergency service, validity, CAM.Validação e confiabilidade da versão em língua portuguesa do confusion assessment method (CAM) para a detecção de delirium no idoso. RESUMO -O presente estudo testou a validade e confiabilidade da versão em língua portuguesa do ConfusionAssessment Method (CAM), instrumento de avaliação diagnóstica de delirium desenvolvido por Inouye e col. (1990). A amostra foi composta de 100 pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos atendidos no serviço de urgência da Santa Casa de São Paulo nos períodos de julho a agosto de 1996, novembro a dezembro de 1996 e fevereiro a março de 1997. Os resultados apontaram sensibilidade de 94,1% e especificidade de 96,4%. Confiabilidade entre avaliadores em subgrupos de 24 pacientes produziu kappa = 0,70. Concluimos que o CAM é um instrumento que afere a presença de delirium de forma adequada e que pode ser utilizado de forma confiável na avaliação de pacientes idosos atendidos em serviços de urgência. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: delirium, idoso, serviço de urgência, validação, CAM. Presently, delirium is defined as an organic brain syndrome without specific etiology, characterized by the simultaneous presence of disturbances related to consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, psychomotor behavior, emotions and sleep-wake cycle 1 . Prevalence studies indicate that delirium is present in 10-24% of adults admitted to hospital and that another 32% will develop the disorder as inpatients 2,3 . Typical symptoms of delirium include reduced ability to focus and maintain attention, memory deficits, disorientation, language difficulties, illusions, hallucinations, and many other behavioral abnormalities. Infection, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disturbances, and drug use or withdrawal are the most frequent causes of delirium 4,5 . Only 33-64% of the patients with delirium are correctly identified by practicing physician [6][7][8][9][10]

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Background: Obesity can affect the thorax, diaphragm and abdominal muscles, thereby resulting in altered respiratory function. Objective:To evaluate the effects of obesity and to determine whether body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference correlate with spirometry values in obese individuals. Methods:We studied 96 non-smokers of both sexes, all suffering from class I or class II obesity and ranging in age from 18 to 75. All participants presented a BMI between 30 kg/m 2 and 40 kg/m 2 and none had a history of morbidity. Spirometry was performed, and waist circumferences were measured.Results: No significant differences were found between the spirometric values of men with class I or II obesity and those of non-obese men. In obese women, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV 1 ) were significantly lower than in women who were not obese. Obese individuals of both sexes presented significantly lower expiratory reserve volume (ERV) than did non-obese individuals. Although inspiratory capacity was greater in obese men and women, the difference was significant only for the men. In obese men, there was a significant negative correlation, not seen in the women, between waist circumference and FEV 1 . Conclusion:Pulmonary function is altered in women suffering from class I or II obesity. In obese men, although pulmonary function is unaffected by BMI, we observed a significant negative correlation between BMI and ERV. We can conclude that pulmonary function is influenced by waist circumference in men suffering from class I or II obesity.

Both criteria are useful to prevent PIMs in the elderly, with PRISCUS being more updated and comprehensive, but they are not complete for the Brazilian outpatient reality.

This paper reports on stable (or invariant) properties of human interaction networks, with benchmarks derived from public email lists. Activity, recognized through messages sent, along time and topology were observed in snapshots in a timeline, and at different scales. Our analysis shows that activity is practically the same for all networks across timescales ranging from seconds to months. The principal components of the participants in the topological metrics space remain practically unchanged as different sets of messages are considered. The activity of participants follows the expected scale-free trace, thus yielding the hub, intermediary and peripheral classes of vertices by comparison against the Erd\"os-R\'enyi model. The relative sizes of these three sectors are essentially the same for all email lists and the same along time. Typically, $<15\%$ of the vertices are hubs, 15-45\% are intermediary and $>45\%$ are peripheral vertices. Similar results for the distribution of participants in the three sectors and for the relative importance of the topological metrics were obtained for 12 additional networks from Facebook, Twitter and ParticipaBR. These properties are consistent with the literature and may be general for human interaction networks, which has important implications for establishing a typology of participants based on quantitative criteria.Comment: See ancillary Supporting Information PDF file for further tables and figures. More information on code and further files can be found at https://github.com/ttm/articleStabilityInteractionNetwork