Regular teacher training for schools implementing inclusive education is expected to affect the teachers mastery of learning competency. The results of the training need to be examined to determine some aspects of competency that need to be trained further, so that it is beneficial to an ideal inclusive education. This study aims to describe regular teachers most important aspects of competency, as well as their obstacles and challenges in implementing learning in inclusive schools. The research instrument consisted of 21 closed-ended questions and 4 open-ended questions. The data from the 21 closed questions were analyzed using percentage of answers from respondents, and respondents' answers to the open-ended questions were analyzed using the categorization of the challenges faced by teachers for inclusive learning. The findings from the study shows that the inclusive teachers possessed the pedagogical competence to help them face the diversity of the students from various aspects; the regular teachers were able to manage the diverse learning needs; the regular teacher competence to help slow-learners was able to change abstract concepts into concrete forms; the regular teachers found some obstacles in managing students diversity; and the regular teachers challenges in implementing inclusive education included diverse teaching methods, competence to modify learning, and professional improvement achievement.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan produk bahan ajar kode Braille berbasis teori elaborasi bagi guru pendidikan khusus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan model Borg and Gall yang mencakup 9 (sembilan) langkah kegiatan, yakni: mengumpulkan infromasi dan studi kebutuhan, perancangan, pengembangan produk awal, uji coba tahap awal, revisi, lapangan utama, revisi, lapangan operasional dan penyempurnaan produk. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu angket. Hasil penelitian yaitu buku tentang belajar Braille dengan elaborasi dilengkapi 6 (enam) modul di tiap jenjang kelas. Kriteria bahan ajar berdasarkan uji ahli media dengan kategori Sangat Layak, ahli materi dengan kategori Layak dan uji coba lapangan dengan kategori Sangat Layak.Kata Kunci: bahan ajar, teori elaborasi, kode Braille, guru pendidikan khususDeveloping elaborate theory-based teaching materials forbraille codes for teachers of special educationAbstract: The aim of this research is to produce elaborate theory-based teaching materials of braille codes for teachers of special education. This research was a research and development by Borg and Gall model covering nine activity steps, namely: gatheringinformation and studying the need, designing, initialling product development, trying early stage, revising, trying main field, revising, trying operational field and perfecting product. Data were collected by using questionaire. The result of the study are books about learn the Braille by elaborate with six moduls at every class. The product appropriateness based on media expert with Very Good, materials expert with Good and trying field with Very Good.Keywords: teaching materials, elaborate theory, Braille code, special education teacher

Artikel ini membahas tentang kondisi pemenuhan teknologi asistif yang merupakan alat bantu yang dirancang agar sesuai dan dapat mempermudah Anak Berkesulitan Belajar Spesifik (ABBS) dalam meningkatkan kemandirian dan hasil belajar ABBS yang ditinjau dari (1) penerapan teknologi asistif; (2) jenis teknologi asistif yang sudah tersedia di sekolah; (3) teknologi asistif yang diharapkan dapat tersedia di sekolah. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 415 guru yang mengajar ABBS, baik di sekolah luar biasa maupun inklusif. Data diperoleh melalui angket yang disebar secara daring. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) teknologi asistif belum diterapkan secara optimal karena pemahaman guru terkait teknologi asistif masih rendah; (2) teknologi asistif yang tersedia masih didominasi oleh teknologi asistif dengan tingkat yang rendah (low technology) (3) teknologi asistif yang diharapkan untuk ABBS di sekolah juga masih tergolong teknologi asistif dengan tingkat rendah (low technology).

Teachers play an essential role in developing material for distance learning for students with special needs, fulfilling the practical principle, flexibility, the ability to accommodate the learning requirements, and the ability to ease students to understand the material through independent learning. However, many obstacles still hinder teachers in the execution. Through a survey of 115 special education teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, this study is aimed at describing teachers' needs in developing distance learning material from the aspect of physical forms, teaching material delivery, and obstacles faced by teachers. The data were obtained through an open questionnaire and analyzed with a descriptive quantitative approach. In addition, the data were presented with presentations, figures, and narrative interpretations. The result shows that 87% of teachers require learning material in the form of a module, and 93.81% of teachers require teaching material content about understanding the concept of daily activities for students' independence. Teaching materials in the form of practical activities delivered with colored pictures are required by 16.28% of teachers. 23.33% of teachers are faced with obstacles to accommodating the diversity of students' characteristic conditions and learning needs. In conclusion, distance learning management and teaching material development to ease students with special needs in learning is an urgent matter in special education services. In addition, it requires preparation through teacher competency improvement.

Moral values constitute abstract concepts, and for students with intellectual disabilities, learning moral values requires methods appropriate for their conditions and social norms. This study was carried out in order to describe the different types and strategies for teaching moral values to students with intellectual disabilities. Questionnaires were used and responses were cross-checked through focus group conversations with teachers who have exemplified best practices. The quantitative descriptive analysis was conducted by categorising the data according to the students' grade levels. The findings indicate that teachers teach moral values using a range of strategies, including the conventional stage emphasising interpersonal harmony orientation and authoritative and societal orientation, and learning contents relevant to local norms. Teachers typically employ this strategy through real-world activities, practice and repetition. In conclusion, the types and strategies for teaching moral values to students with intellectual disabilities are typified by concrete knowledge and adjustments are made according to the students’ environment.     Keywords: Moral values, teaching strategies, intellectual disabilities