[eng] René Collignon - French colonial psychiatry in Algeria and Senegal.. This article gives an outline of the historisation of French colonial psychiatry in Africa starting from two contrasting situations: Algeria, a settlement colony conferred with the status of French administrative départements, and Senegal, in West Africa, where no European colonial population had become established. The starting point of a psychiatric assistance project in the colonies goes back to the report by Reboul and Régis at the French psychiatrists'conference in Tunis in 1912, which defined a policy to follow. The problems of implementation are examined, as are the accomplishments up to the time of independence and the emergence of a corpus of "ethnopsychiatric" knowledge on the people who were colonized.
Résumé L’histoire de la psychiatrie coloniale française est encore largement méconnue. Les premiers travaux qui lui ont été consacrés en France sont très généralement le fait des seuls psychiatres et se fondent essentiellement sur les écrits publiés. À partir d’une tentative de périodisation de l’histoire de la réponse que le pouvoir colonial a tenté de donner à la question de la folie dans la colonie du Sénégal, nous plaidons pour le développement d’une recherche historique fondée sur la documentation archivistique encore peu explorée sur ces questions, une recherche qui tire parti des voies ouvertes par les développements pluridisciplinaires récents (histoire, anthropologie) des études coloniales renouvelées sur l’Afrique.
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