Inductores de defensa en el control del mildiu (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.) en el cultivo de quinua: Detección, epidemiología, síntomas, características y control Defense inductors in the control of mildew (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.) in the quinoa crop: Detection, epidemiology, symptoms, characteristics and control

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an economically important crop and of great demand in the national and international market, due to the considerable number of families that depend on its cultivation, especially in the northern and central highlands of Peru. However, the anthracnose is one of the limiting factors for low productive and causes economic losses. The aim of this study was to describe the symptoms, culturally and morphometrically identify the causal agent and to evaluate under in vitro the efficacy of fungicides. Isolation was made from samples of leaves and pods with anthracnose symptoms collected in the crop field. Healthy pea was used in the pathogenicity test, and discs of PDA medium containing isolated fungi were inoculated into them. The poisoned food technique was used, and colony growths were measured to evaluate the effects of fungicides. The results based on the symptoms, morphological and cultural characteristics described, the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. truncatum y Ascochyta pisi, which was confirmed with Koch's postulates. Trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole was found to be the most effective fungicide followed by tebuconazole, procloraz and mancozeb completely inhibited mycelial growth (100%) of identified fungi. These results are useful for the control of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. truncatum y Ascochyta pisi in the pea crop.

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En este artículo se exponen aspectos de la cultura del trabajador de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), y se les interpreta a través de conceptos que nos remiten al planteamiento de la lucha de clases y la lucha de sexos dentro del centro de trabajo como determinantes esenciales para entender las condiciones de trabajo que enfrentan estos trabajadores. Se trata de una breve exposición de una investigación más amplia realizada a través detrabajo cuantitativo y cualitativo. Se propone además que conceptos como falo y falocentrismo son tan centrales como los conceptos de capital y capitalismo, es decir, que la lucha de clases es la consecuencia política del modo de producción capitalista, como la lucha de sexos por el falo es la consecuencia del sistema sexo-género falocéntrico. Se expone también la forma cultural que toman estas luchas en la UNAM. Work, Phallus and Struggle in the UNAMThis article describes various aspects of the culture of the workers at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, interpreted through concepts of class struggle and the struggle of the sexes in the workplace as crucial determinants of working conditions confronted by these employees. This is a brief summary of a wider research project based on quantitative and qualitative methods. It is further proposed that concepts like phallus and phallocentrism are as central as the concepts of capital and capitalism, that is to say that as the class struggle is the political consequence of the capitalist mode of production, so the battle of the sexes over the phallus is the consequence of phallocentric gender-sex system. It also discusses the cultural form that these struggles take at the UNAM.