Inductores de defensa en el control del mildiu (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.) en el cultivo de quinua: Detección, epidemiología, síntomas, características y control Defense inductors in the control of mildew (Peronospora variabilis Gaum.) in the quinoa crop: Detection, epidemiology, symptoms, characteristics and control
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is an economically important crop and of great demand in the national and international market, due to the considerable number of families that depend on its cultivation, especially in the northern and central highlands of Peru. However, the anthracnose is one of the limiting factors for low productive and causes economic losses. The aim of this study was to describe the symptoms, culturally and morphometrically identify the causal agent and to evaluate under in vitro the efficacy of fungicides. Isolation was made from samples of leaves and pods with anthracnose symptoms collected in the crop field. Healthy pea was used in the pathogenicity test, and discs of PDA medium containing isolated fungi were inoculated into them. The poisoned food technique was used, and colony growths were measured to evaluate the effects of fungicides. The results based on the symptoms, morphological and cultural characteristics described, the isolates were identified as Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. truncatum y Ascochyta pisi, which was confirmed with Koch's postulates. Trifloxystrobin+tebuconazole was found to be the most effective fungicide followed by tebuconazole, procloraz and mancozeb completely inhibited mycelial growth (100%) of identified fungi. These results are useful for the control of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, C. truncatum y Ascochyta pisi in the pea crop.
Organic banana (Musa sp.) is one of the most important export crops in Peru, especially in the Department of Piura. The cultivation of the crop is mainly affected by biotic factors, resulting in important economic losses. The aim of this research was to characterize the causal agent of banana bacteriosis disease in Piura. Bacterial isolates were extracted from rhizome and pseudostem samples of organic bananas with typical symptoms of soft rot from different banana growing areas of Piura. Sixty colonies were obtained, while 10 isolates were selected for presenting cultural and morphological characteristics similar to those of Pectobacterium (01MB, 04MB, 05MB, 06MB and 10MB) and Dickeya (02MB, 03MB, 08MB, 07MB and 09MB); different biochemical and molecular tests were conducted. The pathogenicity of the isolates was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo inoculation of rhizome pieces and pseudostems from cultivated plants. The 10 isolates were gram negative and with perimeter flagella. The biochemical tests showed that all the isolates were positive on nutrient agar medium, Mac Conkey, catalase, gelatin hydrolysis and growth at 37°C, whereas they were negative on King's B medium, nitrate reductase and oxidase tests. Isolates 02MB, 03MB, 08MB, 07MB and 09MB also tested positive for erythromycin and indole, while isolates 01MB, 04MB, 05MB, 06MB and 10MB were positive for CVP (Crystal violet pectate). Molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis confirmed that isolates 01MB, 04MB, 05MB and 10MB corresponded to Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum; isolates 03MB and 08MB corresponded to Dickeya chrysanthemi; and 02MB and 07MB corresponded to Dickeya paradisiaca and Klebsiella variicola, respectively. It was concluded that rhizome and pseudostem wet rot of banana grown organically in Piura is caused by the bacterial complex formed by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, D. chrysanthemi, D. paradisiaca and K. variicola. This is valuable information for the implementation of appropriate disease management practices in the area.
Se determinó la energía cinética del viento para aerogeneración como mecanismo de desarrollo limpio (MDL) en base de la velocidad y densidad local del viento durante seis turnos diarios durante tres meses. La velocidad del viento se midió con un anemómetro digital a 3m sobre el relieve terrestre. Se encontró que la energía cinética del viento osciló entre 28.2228252 a 123.48404 J, siendo significativamente menor sólo el mes de abril. No hubo diferencias entre los horarios diarios. Estos resultados representaron 497.79% a 2177.99% más que el límite mínimo de generación eléctrica (5.66964 J). Esto se constató con el cálculo de las densidades de potencia del viento: bruta, aprovechable, efectiva y, efectiva con paletas de nanotubos de carbono, encontrándose rangos de 842.21 a 1544.84 W/m2; 499.43 a 946.09 W/m2; 336.88 a 617.94 W/m2 y 438.00 a 803.30 W/m2 respectivamente, proyectadas a 10 y 50 m para los valores mínimos de velocidad de cada una. Concluyendo que la potencialidad eólica es suficiente para la micro y mediana aerogeneración y califican como MDL. Se recomienda diseñar el modelo matemático del comportamiento de la velocidad del viento relacionado con las alturas de registro para las condiciones climáticas y ambientales de la zona de estudio.
Los lepidópteros son una de las plagas más importantes del algodón (Gossypium barbadens).Su control se realiza con insecticidas sintéticos, que contaminan el medio ambiente, por lo que el control biológico constituye una alternativa ecológica al uso de tales productos químicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue aislar cepas nativas de Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) y evaluar su toxicidad contra Spodoptera frugiperda y Alabama argillacea, insectos plaga del cultivo de algodón. Las cepas nativas de Bt fueron aisladas de muestras de suelo de diferentes zonas algodoneras de Piura, Perú. Se obtuvieron 600 colonias del género Bacillus, de los cuales 37 cepas nativas presentaron características morfológicas similares a las cepas estándares de Bt (HD1 y NA118). La caracterización morfológica y bioquímica de las 37 cepas nativas mostró que 15 cepas presentaron cristal paraesporal de forma bipiramidal de acción tóxica contra lepidópteros, y características bioquímicas similares a las cepas estándares de Bt. El efecto tóxico de las 15 cepas nativas se evaluó con la prueba del alimento contaminado con discos de hojas de lechuga y algodón. Los resultados mostraron que las cepas IN-24, IN-30 e IN-34 ocasionaron 100% de mortalidad en S. frugiperda y las cepas IN-19, IN-24 e IN-25 ocasionaron 100% de mortalidad en A. argillacea, mientras que la cepa IN-24 ocasionó 100% de mortalidad en ambas especies. Por otra parte, la prueba de la dieta artificial reveló que las cepas IN-34, IN-01 e IN-31 ocasionaron los mayores porcentajes de mortalidad en S. frugiperda y A. argillacea, respectivamente. Se concluyó que existe varias cepas nativas de B. thuringiensis que pueden controlar S. frugiperda y A. argillacea.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.