Using the laser self-mixing effect, a miniaturized two-dimensional motion sensor has been developed that works on almost any light-scattering surface. By applying the sensor to the surface of a finger, for example, an input device (scroll, click) can be built for hand-held applications. A three-dimensional input device (x, y, click), which will be presented soon, is based on the principles explained in this paper. We also present the physical and technological challenges and the solutions required to build a practical, miniaturized and robust device.

In this paper, we describe a new input device that can be easily integrated into modern, compact equipment such as mobile telephones, laptops and PDAs, providing a solution for scrolling and/or click functionality. This laser-based device interacts with any light-scattering surface, including human skin. Apart from several application fields, this paper describes a simple solution for the detection of directional information using laser selfmixing.

Philips Lighting’s revenue is largely influenced by the change from component supplier to supplier of systems, solutions and services. Philips Lighting differentiates from competition by providing high quality and reliable products as we learned in our traditional lighting business and which we continue in our actual LED lighting business. Reliable products start with understanding the physics-of-failure by using accelerated test approaches such as (Highly) Accelerated Life Testing. A classical reliability approach is to use the results from these tests, verified by failure analysis, to obtain conservative bounds from the failure models, and predict failure rates on a system level. A next step beyond this classical approach is to use data analytics in our installed base to determine degraded performance. The data for this analysis can come either from live connections to ‘intelligent’ systems, or from actively retracted (working) products from the field. This allows us to move into the prognostics (PHM) regime where a detailed understanding of failure mechanisms, usage scenarios, technology and design come together.Until recently costs for implementing PHM in Lighting products or systems was outranging possible cost benefits. Nowadays this is reversing rapidly by the exponential increasing impact of digitization and connectivity of the Lighting Systems. The impact is far beyond the impact on single products, but extends to an ever larger amount of connected systems. Continuously, more intelligent interfacing with the technical environment and with different kind of users is being built-in by using more and different kind of sensors, (wireless) communication, and different kind of interacting or interfacing devices. Especially in professional systems, where many years of use has to be warranted and where system size, cost and complexity are continuously increasing, PHM is required. Where online debugging and adding new features or functions is already common practice, PHM should provide tools to keep the system within its quality and reliability targets. In the presentation we show our road towards prognostics and demonstrate PHM work being done in different professional Lighting applications as Public Lighting, Office & Industry Lighting and Retail Lighting. While data analytic tools are still premature, first results are achieved and improvement tracks are being defined. We will conclude with our strategy and vision on how to embed cost-effective PHM into lighting applications.

Traditional lighting is focused on the prevention of hardware failures. With the trend toward controlled and connected systems, other components will start playing an equal role in the reliability of it. Here reliability need to be replaced by availability, and other modeling approaches are to be taken into account. Software reliability can only be covered by growth models, with the Goel-Okumoto as a promising candidate. System prognostics and health management is the next step to service the connected complex systems in the most effective way possible. In this chapter we highlight the next frontiers that will need to be taken in order to move the traditional lighting catastrophic failure thinking into a thinking more toward new ways how system (degraded) functions can fail or be compromised.