In this work a chemical treatment system for municipal wastewater using copper cementation effluent and lime as coagulants in combination with dissolved air flotation, was investigated. Copper cementation effluent (CCE) containing about 45% dissolved solids (density=1.31) is a liquid waste from a leaching process, which is disposed in large ponds by several copper mines in the North of Chile. CCE contains a combination of ferrous iron, sulfate, chlorine, magnesium, sodium, residual copper and other ions. For its use as a coagulant, CCE was treated using a low cost process. Ferric hydroxide flocs precipitated after CCE addition were efficiently removed by dissolved air flotation producing a low density froth. High suspended solid removal efficiency, process flexibility, short overall residence time in addition to low cost of chemicals used and precipitation of varied proportions of contaminants, including bacteria from wastewater, are the main features of this chemical treatment system.
<p>En este trabajo se desarrollaron películas híbridas, adaptando el proceso sol-gel con un adecuado control en el diseño de las condiciones experimentales para poder incorporar nanopartículas de sílice a una matriz polimérica de poliestireno reciclado (PSR). Para una mejor incorporación entre la sílice y el PSR fue necesario funcionalizar el PSR con grupos carboxilo de ácido abiético.</p><p>El PSR usado para la preparación de películas nanohíbridas se obtuvo de productos de empaques de comida rápida, y fue evaluada la citoxicidad de las películas sin sustrato, mostrando la viabilidad de ser usadas como películas protectoras en sustrato de vidrio ya que no presentan riesgo para la salud. Los materiales híbridos fueron caracterizados por las espectroscopias Infrarrojo y Raman, y evaluadas sus propiedades mecánicas y térmicas. La temperatura de transición vítrea se incrementó para los HPS-F and HPSR-F por la presencia del ácido abiético y la sílice. Todos los materiales incrementan su ángulo de contacto comparado con el del sustrato sin recubrir y mayor repelencia al agua. La incorporación de partículas de sílice dentro de la matriz polimérica da por resultado interesantes propiedades comparadas con sus análogas hechas con poliestireno comercial (PS), obteniendo resultados satisfactorios permitiendo así su aplicación como recubrimientos en sustratos de vidrio con propiedades de autolimpieza y protección a la radiación UVA que son de gran relevancia tecnológica.</p>
Niobium diselenide (NbSe2) is a layered transition metal dichalcogenide material which possesses unique electrical and superconducting properties for future nanodevices. While the superconducting, electrical, and bulk thermal transport properties of NbSe2 have been widely studied, the in-plane thermal transport property of NbSe2, which is important for potential thermoelectric applications, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this report, we study the lattice in-plane thermal transport of 2D NbSe2 by solving the phonon Boltzmann transport equation with the help of the first principles calculation. The thermal conductivity obtained at room temperature is 12.3 W/mK. A detailed analysis shows that the transverse acoustic phonon dominates the lattice thermal transport, and an anomalously small portion of electron contribution to the total thermal conductivity is observed for this metallic phase. The results agree well with experimental measurements and provide detailed mode-by-mode thermal conductivity contribution from different phonon modes. This study can provide useful information for integrating NbSe2 in nanodevices where both electrical and thermal properties are critical, showing great potential for integrating monolayer NbSe2 to thermoelectric devices.
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