Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is an atypical form of chronic pyelonephritis, characterized by the destruction of the renal parenchyma and its replacement with a chronic infiltrate of lipid-laden macrophages [1]. The clinical presentation is nonspecific and variable. Consider clear cell carcinoma, sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, renal tuberculosis, renal lymphoma, renal or psoas abscess, actinomycosis, renal cystic disease, and emphysematous pyelonephritis [2,3]. We present the case of a 59-year-old female patient, with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections, who came to our center due to severe anemia (5gr/dl), weight loss of 10 kg in 2 months, night sweats and weakness, concomitant sudden-onset lumbar pain and hematuria, after multiple studies, a diagnosis of PNX was made, which was confirmed by anatomopathological study.

Iatrogenic ureteral injury (IUI) is a potentially devastating complication of open and laparoscopic surgery of the abdominal cavity, with open hysterectomy being the procedure that most frequently leads to these injuries [1]. Treatment options for IUI include percutaneous nephrostomy in patients unsuitable for immediate surgical exploration, PIG- TAIL placement for traction injuries without ischemia, and open surgical repair of the injured ureter [2]. We present the case of a 46-year-old female patient who, after a laparoscopic hysterectomy, presented a grade 2 injury in the distal third of the right ureter, which caused chemical peritonitis due to uroperitoneum, repaired with 2 PIG - TAIL COOK FIRM, under cystoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance, leaving Jackson-Pratt drain in the abdominal cavity and a patent Foley catheter, with subsequent reoperation to remove the ureteral stent, observing good healing of the distal ureter and preserved renal function.