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The nonavailability of fossil fuels and the shortcomings of nonconventional energy sources taking place in the environment lead the research and development towards alternative and clean energy sources such as renewable energy sources. Renewable or nonconventional energy resources are being used to meet ever-increasing energy demand. The photo voltaic (PV) energy is the right choice of renewable energy for small voltage DC distribution systems, due to their advantages. But this energy source can produce low output power at the utility grid. Hence, to step up this low input voltage to high value for a range of high-voltage applications, DC-DC converters are integrated to the DC microgrids by means of PV system. The present work elaborates the modified SEPIC converter (MSC) designed based on the traditional SEPIC with a boost-up module. In comparison with conventional or traditional SEPIC converter, the proposed MSC produces high voltage gain and continuous current to the DC microgrids. Furthermore, MSC is operated with only one controlled switch. The proposed converter design improves the efficiency, output voltage, and continuous output current of the DC microgrids. This entire work is completed with PSIM, and finally, numerical simulation results prove the possibility of the MSC with PV-powered DC microgrids, and also the dynamic response of MSC for DC microgrid loads enhances the regulated output voltage and continuous output current of DC loads.

One of the excellent choices for compression ignition engines is emulsions. The current experimental analysis deals with transesterified Pongamia biodiesel. This work gives a substantial track to synthesize and to enhance fuel by including aluminium oxide nanoparticles. Emulsification is used to prepare fuel consisting of 88% of Pongamia biodiesel, 10% water, and 2% surfactants with series chemical emulsification techniques. This is then mixed with the ratio of 50 ppm and 100 ppm by mass with aluminium oxide nanoparticles by employing ultrasonication techniques. This work is carried out on compression ignition engines in different phases using biodiesel, nanoparticles, surfactants, and water. It was inferred from the results that there was a considerable enhancement in performance and decrease in emission when compared with diesel. It is found that the system exhibited 15% improvement in brake thermal efficiency and 45% reduction in oxides of nitrogen. The system exhibited considerable improvement in performance and reduction in emission.